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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/study-designs-epidemiology
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课程名称: 流行病学中的研究设计 概述: 选择适当的研究设计是一个关键决策，这在很大程度上决定了你的研究能否成功解答研究问题。通过快速浏览生物医学期刊的目录或新闻网站的健康新闻部分，可以发现开展流行病学研究的方法多种多样。在本课程中，您将了解主要的流行病学研究设计，包括横断面研究、生态研究、病例对照研究、队列研究以及更复杂的嵌套病例对照和病例队列设计。最后一个模块专注于随机对照试验，这通常被认为是临床研究中最优的研究设计。您还将培养识别各种研究设计的优势和局限性的能力。完成本课程后，您将能够根据研究问题、可用时间和资源选择最合适的研究设计。 课程大纲: 1. 研究设计导论：生态研究与横断面研究 - 描述：不同的研究设计可能令人困惑。为帮助您导航这些设计，我们将其分为共享共同特征的组。在本模块中，您将学习生态研究和横断面研究的主要原则，以及适用的时机。完成模块后，您将能够识别并批判性地考虑这些研究设计的优缺点。 2. 病例对照研究 - 描述：该模块聚焦于病例对照研究，这是最著名的流行病学研究设计之一。当没有长时间的随访期时，病例对照研究尤其有用。在本模块中，您将学习病例对照研究设计的关键元素，以及如何在遇到病例对照研究数据时估计适当的关联测量。 3. 队列研究与嵌套研究 - 描述：“队列”一词源于古罗马军团，但在现代流行病学中用于描述具有共同特征的群体。在队列研究中，我们随访一组人，收集他们的暴露和结果数据，尝试估计群体特征与感兴趣的结果之间的关联。在本模块中，您将学习如何设计这样的研究，可能出现的问题及其与病例对照研究的比较。您还将了解嵌套病例对照和病例队列研究，这些研究能更高效地利用队列研究的优势。完成模块后，您将能够在多种情境中选择最佳的研究设计。 4. 随机对照试验 - 描述：随机对照试验常被视为流行病学研究的金标准，特别是在临床环境中。在本模块中，您将学习随机临床试验的主要设计特征，以及为什么它们如此重要，以及在实际应用中遇到的困难和局限性。完成模块后，您将掌握如何设计随机临床试验，并决定所得数据的最佳分析方法。
Name:Introduction to Study Designs: Ecological and Cross-Sectional Studies
Description:The range of different study designs can be quite confusing. However, to help you navigate the maze of study designs, we can split them into groups which share common characteristics. In this module, you will be introduced to these common characteristics, and you will learn the main principles of ecological and cross-sectional studies, as well as when it is appropriate to use them. By the end of the module, you will be able to identify and critically consider the advantages and disadvantages of these study designs.
Name:Case Control Studies
Description:This module focuses on case-control studies, which is one of the best known epidemiological study designs. Case-control studies are particularly useful when you don’t have the luxury of waiting for a long follow-up period to conclude. In this module, you will learn the key elements of case-control study design, and you will learn how to estimate the appropriate measure of association when presented with data from a case-control study.
Name:Cohort Studies and Nested Studies
Description:Cohorts were ancient Roman military units, but in modern epidemiology the word “cohort” is used to describe a group with a shared characteristic. In cohort studies, we follow groups of people over time, we collect data on their exposure and outcome, and try to estimate whether there is an association between the group-defining characteristic and the outcome of interest. In this module, you will learn how to design such a study, the kind of problems which may arise and how it compares with case-control studies. You will also learn about nested case-control and case-cohort studies, which allow us to harness the advantages of cohort studies in more efficient ways. By the end of the module, you will be able to choose the best study design in a variety of contexts.
Name:Randomised Controlled Trials
Description:Randomised controlled trials are often seen as the gold standard of epidemiological research, especially in clinical settings, and in this module you will learn why. You will learn the main design features of randomised clinical trials, why they are so important, and the difficulties and limitations in applying these principles in real life. By the end of this module, you will know how to design a randomised clinical trial and how to decide which is the best analytical approach for the data you have obtained.
Choosing an appropriate study design is a critical decision that can largely determine whether your study will successfully answer your research question. A quick look at the contents page of a biomedical journal or even at the health news section of a news website is enough to tell you that there are many different ways to conduct epidemiological research. In this course, you will learn about the main epidemiological study designs, including cross-sectional and ecological studies, case-control and cohort studies, as well as the more complex nested case-control and case-cohort designs. The final module is dedicated to randomised controlled trials, which is often considered the optimal study design, especially in clinical research. You will also develop the skills to identify strengths and limitations of the various study designs. By the end of this course, you will be able to choose the most suitable study design considering the research question, the available time, and resources.
