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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/revolutionary-ideas-utility-justice-equality-freedom
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课程名称：革命性思想：效用、正义、平等、自由 课程概述：本课程探讨政府的目的是什么？为何我们需要一个国家？我们应该拥有什么样的国家？在一个政治共同体内，关于政府的角色和目的可能存在激烈的分歧。一些人希望政府积极参与，认为法律和政治制度是解决最紧迫问题、实现和平、平等、正义、幸福及保护个人自由的手段。而另一些人则倾向于更少干预的政府，或许受到20世纪一些灾难性政治实验的启发，他们认为政治权力往往离暴政仅一步之遥。这些分歧在很多情况下源于深刻的哲学分歧。 所有政治和法律制度都建立在基础理念之上。在本课程中，我们将探讨这些理念，以评估和必要时改变我们周围的政治制度和政治体系，而不是将其视为固定和不可质疑的。我们将考虑一些世界著名哲学家的思想和论点，包括历史上的思想家如柏拉图、亚里士多德、霍布斯、洛克、康德、玛丽·沃斯通克拉夫特和约翰·斯图亚特·密尔；以及更现代的理论家如伊丽莎白·安德森、以赛亚·伯林、托马斯·克里斯蒂亚诺、弗朗茨·法农、艾米·古特曼、弗里德里希·哈耶克、罗伯特·诺齐克、玛莎·努斯鲍姆、朱利乌斯·尼雷勒、安·兰德、约翰·罗尔斯、彼得·辛格和郑国荣。 课程的目标不是说服你接受某种特定的观点或政治立场，而是为你提供一个更深刻、更具哲学基础的视角，帮助你形成自己的观点，并更好地理解与那些持不同意见的人之间的看法。 课程大纲： - 单元1：课程第一部分介绍 - 内容：介绍课程第一部分和法律与政治哲学中的一些基本问题。 - 单元2：幸福与福利 - 内容：为何我们需要一个国家？本单元探讨法律和政治制度在促进幸福、和平、稳定和人类繁荣中的角色。 - 单元3：正义 - 内容：为何我们需要一个国家？本单元探讨国家在实现正义中的角色，介绍和分析四种不同的正义观点。 - 单元4：平等 - 内容：为何我们需要一个国家？本单元探讨平等的重要性，介绍和分析平等作为一种限制和作为社会或政治目标的观点。 - 单元5：自由 - 内容：为何我们需要一个国家？本单元探讨自由的重要性，包括国家如何可能对自由构成威胁，以及国家如何促进或保护我们的自由。
Name:Unit 1: Introduction to Part I of the Course
Description:An introduction to Part I of the course and to some of the fundamental problems in legal and political philosophy.
Name:Unit 2: Happiness and Welfare
Description:Why should we have a State? This unit examines answers that focus on the role for legal and political institutions in promoting happiness, peace, stability, and human flourishing.
Name:Unit 3: Justice
Description:Why should we have a State? This unit examines answers that focus on the State’s role in bringing about justice, introducing and analyzing four different views of justice.
Name:Unit 4: Equality
Description:Why should we have a State? This unit examines answers that focus on the importance of equality. It introduces and analyzes views of equality as a constraint, and views of equality as a societal or political objective.
Name:Unit 5: Freedom
Description:Why should we have a State? This unit examines answers that focus on the importance of freedom, including discussion of the way in which the State can be a threat to freedom, and the way in which the State can promote or protect our freedom.
What is the purpose of government? Why should we have a State? What kind of State should we have? Even within a political community, there may be sharp disagreements about the role and purpose of government. Some want an active, involved government, seeing legal and political institutions as the means to solve our most pressing problems, and to help bring about peace, equality, justice, happiness, and to protect individual liberty. Others want a more minimal government, motivated, perhaps, by some of the disastrous political experiments of the 20th Century, and the thought that political power is often just a step away from tyranny. In many cases, these disagreements arise out of deep philosophical disagreements. All political and legal institutions are built on foundational ideas. In this course, we will explore those ideas, taking the political institutions and political systems around us not as fixed and unquestionable, but as things to evaluate and, if necessary, to change. We will consider the ideas and arguments of some of the world’s most celebrated philosophers, including historical thinkers such as Plato, Aristotle, Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Immanuel Kant, Mary Wollstonecraft, and John Stuart Mill; and more contemporary theorists such as Elizabeth Anderson, Isaiah Berlin, Thomas Christiano, Frantz Fanon, Amy Gutmann, Friedrich Hayek, Robert Nozick, Martha Nussbaum, Julius Nyerere, Ayn Rand, John Rawls, Peter Singer, and Kok-Chor Tan. The aim of the course is not to convince you of the correctness of any particular view or political position, but to provide you with a deeper and more philosophically-informed basis for your own views, and, perhaps, to help you better understand the views of those with whom you disagree.
