|
所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/revolutionary-ideas-borders-elections-constitutions-prisons
课程评论：没有评论
课程总结：革命性思想：边界、选举、宪法与监狱 本课程探讨政府的目的以及我们为何需要一个国家、应建立何种形式的国家。在一个政治共同体内，关于政府的角色和目的可能存在明显的分歧。一些人主张积极参与的政府，认为法律和政治机构是解决我们最迫切问题的手段，能够带来和平、平等、正义、幸福，并保护个人自由。另一些人则倾向于一个更为有限的政府，认为政治权力往往离暴政仅一步之遥，尤其是受到20世纪一些灾难性政治实验的影响。这些分歧往往源于深刻的哲学争论。 本课程将探索政治与法律机构所建立的基础思想，借助对我们周围政治制度和政治体系的反思，去评估并在必要时进行改变。我们将考虑一些世界著名哲学家的思想和论点，包括历史思想家如柏拉图、霍戈·格劳秀斯、大卫·休谟、托马斯·杰斐逊和詹姆斯·麦迪逊，以及现代理论家如米歇尔·亚历山大、夸梅·安东尼·阿皮哈、布莱恩·卡普兰、安吉拉·戴维斯、罗纳德·德沃金、乔恩·埃尔斯特、约翰·哈特·伊利、H.L.A·哈特、迈克尔·休默、安德鲁·雷菲尔德和杰里米·瓦尔登。 本课程的目标不是为了说服您接受任何特定的观点或政治立场，而是为您的观点提供更深刻且更具哲学基础的理解，并帮助您更好地理解与您意见相左的观点。 课程大纲包括： 1. 课程第二部分介绍：介绍课程以及法律和政治哲学中的一些基本问题。 2. 政治共同体与边界：探讨政治共同体的定义及其基础，及是否应允许更改政治共同体。 3. 代表、选举与抽签：审视已定义的政治共同体应如何制定法律与政策，谁应拥有发言权。 4. 宪法：探讨宪法的作用与重要性，是否需要宪法及其内容。 5. 监狱与惩罚及结论：考虑犯罪与惩罚在政治共同体中的角色，什么应被视为非法，违反法律后应采取何种措施。
Name:Introduction to Part II of the Course
Description:An introduction to the course and to some of the fundamental problems in legal and political philosophy.
Name:Political Community and Borders
Description:This unit explores the issues of how our political communities are and should be defined. What is the basis of political community? Should we be allowed to change what political community we are a part of? If so, how easily?
Name:Representatives, Elections, and Lotteries
Description:This unit examines how our political community, once defined, should make law and policy. Who should get to have a say?
Name:Constitutions
Description:This unit examines the role and importance of constitutions. Should we have a constitution? Why might we want one? What should be in it?
Name:Prisons and Punishment & Conclusions
Description:This unit considers the role of crime and punishment within a political community. What should be illegal? What should happen if people break the law?
What is the purpose of government? Why should we have a State? What kind of State should we have? Even within a political community, there may be sharp disagreements about the role and purpose of government. Some want an active, involved government, seeing legal and political institutions as the means to solve our most pressing problems, and to help bring about peace, equality, justice, happiness, and to protect individual liberty. Others want a more minimal government, motivated, perhaps, by some of the disastrous political experiments of the 20th Century, and the thought that political power is often just a step away from tyranny. In many cases, these disagreements arise out of deep philosophical disagreements. All political and legal institutions are built on foundational ideas. In this course, we will explore those ideas, taking the political institutions and political systems around us not as fixed and unquestionable, but as things to evaluate and, if necessary, to change. We will consider the ideas and arguments of some of the world’s most celebrated philosophers, including historical thinkers such as Plato, Hugo Grotius, David Hume, Thomas Jefferson, and James Madison, and more contemporary theorists such as Michelle Alexander, Kwame Anthony Appiah, Bryan Caplan, Angela Davis, Ronald Dworkin, Jon Elster, John Hart Ely, H.L.A. Hart, Michael Huemer, Andrew Rehfeld, and Jeremy Waldron. The aim of the course is not to convince you of the correctness of any particular view or political position, but to provide you with a deeper and more philosophically-informed basis for your own views, and, perhaps, to help you better understand the views of those with whom you disagree.
