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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/relativism
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：相对主义 课程概述：相对主义是一种古老的哲学理论，在哲学史上反复出现。它超越了哲学的界限，对人类学、社会学、批判理论和文学研究的方法论产生了重要影响。尽管相对主义常常被视为对差异的包容，但它对现实的认知、知识的可能性（无论是事实领域还是道德领域）产生深远影响，可能导致双重标准的实践。课程将探讨多个问题，例如不同观点间的冲突、知识的相对性以及道德真理的存在，借助科学史中的实例，如贝拉密-伽利略争论和日常生活中的案例进行讨论。 本课程面向对哲学感兴趣的学习者，以及希望在社区中抵制极端主义的个人。课程中所讨论的方法，无论您的技能水平如何，都可以帮助您改变思维和生活。 学习者将在本课程中： - 探索相对主义的概念 - 讨论相对主义在当代社会中的角色 - 识别对相对主义的常见回应 - 比较与对比不同形式的相对主义 - 认识到认识论相对主义如何解释科学史的重要事件和人类学的重大发现 - 创建个人观点的展示，聚焦于某一相对主义形式 课程大纲： 第1模块：相对主义导论。本模块将探讨公共辩论中的当前问题（如气候变化否认、假新闻、疫苗怀疑、宗教和政治极端主义）如何与相对主义相关，定义相对主义及其不同形式。 第2模块：真理相对主义。本周将探讨普罗塔戈拉斯哲学中的真理相对主义结构，并识别当代理论的主要反对意见。 第3模块：认识论相对主义。本模块中将探索认识论相对主义的结构及其在科学史与人类学中的重要事件中的应用，同时回顾对其的主要异议。 第4模块：道德相对主义。本模块将探讨伦理相对主义的结构和框架，分析其主要反对意见并识别形成一致的相对主义提议的难度。最后，课程参与者将运用对某一相对主义形式的理解，创建个人观点的展示。
Name:Module 1
Description:Welcome to Module 1: Introduction to Relativism. In this module, we will explore how current issues in public debate (climate change denial, fake news, vaccine skepticism, religious and political extremism) trade on relativism, and how relativism may be thought of as being a source of good by promoting pluralism and tolerance. We will begin by defining Relativism, and review the various forms, including faultless disagreement, relativism of difference, and local vs. global Relativism.
Name:Module 2
Description:Welcome to Module 2: Alethic Relativism. This week we will explore the structure of alethic relativism in Protagoras’ philosophy, examine the structure of contemporary alethic relativism, and identify the main objections to both forms of alethic relativism.
Name:Module 3
Description:Welcome to Module 3: Epistemic Relativism. In this module we will explore the structure of epistemic relativism and identify how epistemic relativism can be used to explain important events in the history of science and crucial discoveries in anthropology. We will also review the main objections to epistemic relativism and examine how the data provided by the history of science and anthropology could be understood without appealing to epistemic relativism.
Name:Module 4
Description:Welcome to Module 4: Moral Relativism. In this module we will explore the structure and framework of ethical relativism and review alethic relativism and relativism of distance as applied to ethics. We will identify the main objections to these forms of ethical relativism and recognize the difficulty of formulating a coherent relativist proposal. Finally, course participants are asked to apply their understanding of one of the forms of relativism and create a presentation to share their personal perspective.
Relativism is an ancient philosophical doctrine which has recurred time and again in the history of philosophy. It has also transcended the boundaries of that discipline, for it has shaped much of the methodology in anthropology and sociology, as well as in critical theory and literary studies. While often advocated for its supposed tolerance of differences, relativism has profound consequences for how we think of reality, for the possibility of knowledge, both in the factual and in the moral domain, and may engender the practice of double standard. If a wind is hot for me and cold for you and none of us is at fault, does this mean that reality is always perspectival, or that it admits of contradictory descriptions? If a belief turns out to be justified when evaluated within a certain epistemic system (such as religion, for instance), while it turns out to be unjustified if assessed from within a different one (science, say), does relativism undermine the very possibility of knowledge? If an action can be morally permissible within an ethical system and not so within a different one, does that challenge the idea that there are moral truths and moral progress? These are some of the questions we will engage in during the course, while considering examples taken from the history of science, such as the Bellarmine-Galileo dispute, and from everyday life. This course is aimed at anyone who is interested in learning more about philosophy, along with those who are looking for strategies to combat extremism in their communities. Using these approaches, no matter what your skill levels in topics you would like to master, you can change your thinking and change your life. In this course, learners will: Explore the concept of Relativism Discuss the role of Relativism in contemporary society Identify common responses to Relativism Compare/Contrast various forms of Relativism Recognize how epistemic relativism can be used to explain important events in the history of science and crucial discoveries in anthropology Create a presentation with your personal perspective on one of the forms of relativism
