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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/philosophy
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课程名称：哲学导论 课程概述：这门课程将带您了解当代哲学研究的主要领域。每个模块将由不同的哲学家介绍他们专业领域中的一些重要问题和议题。我们将首先探讨哲学的定义：它的特征、目标和方法，以及与其他学科的不同之处。接下来的课程中，我们将对多个哲学领域进行入门性的概述。 您将学习的主题包括： - 认识论：探讨我们对世界和自我的知识构成及其来源； - 科学哲学：研究科学研究和实践中的基础概念问题； - 心灵哲学：讨论意识的定义及其理解方式； - 政治哲学：探索我们是否有义务遵守法律； - 道德哲学：理解道德判断和反应的本质，以及其是否指向客观的道德真理或仅是个人或文化的偏好； - 形而上学：思考自由意志和现实本质的一些基本概念问题。 此MOOC的开发由爱丁堡大学的Eidyn研究中心主导。 为了配合《哲学导论》课程，我们很高兴宣布与Routledge出版的书籍《人人哲学》的合作。这本课程伴侣书籍是由爱丁堡哲学团队专为MOOC学生的需求编写的，包含清晰易懂的章节、章节摘要、词汇表、学习问题、进一步阅读建议和在线资源指南。 课程大纲包括： 1. 什么是哲学？（大卫·沃德博士）：探讨哲学的特征、目标和实践方法。 2. 道德：客观、相对还是情感？（马修·克里斯曼博士）：讨论道德信念的地位。 3. 什么是知识？我们有没有知识？（邓肯·普里查德教授）：研究知识的本质及怀疑论的影响。 4. 我们有义务遵守法律吗？（盖·弗莱彻博士）：分析法律遵从的必要性。 5. 你应相信你所听到的吗？（艾伦·哈兹利特博士）：讨论对他人证言的信任的合理性。 6. 心灵、大脑与计算机（斯尤林·拉维尔博士）：探究心灵的定义及其理解。 7. 科学理论是真实的吗？（米凯拉·马西米教授）：分析科学理论的真值问题。 8. 我们有自由意志吗？这是否重要？（埃莉诺·梅森博士）：讨论决定论对自由意志的影响。 9. 时间旅行与哲学（阿拉斯代尔·里士满博士）：思考时间旅行的形而上学问题。 课程的每个模块均由专业的哲学家掌讲，并且包含周次回顾和作业选择等内容，以帮助学生更好地理解哲学的基本概念与问题。
Name:What is Philosophy?
Description:(Dr. Dave Ward) We’ll start the course by thinking about what Philosophy actually is: what makes it different from other subjects? What are its distinctive aims and methods? We'll also think about why the questions that philosophers attempt to answer are often thought to be both fundamental and important, and have a look at how philosophy is actually practiced. Finally, we'll briefly touch upon two very influential philosophers' answers to the question of how we can know whether, in any given case, there really is a right way of thinking about things.
Name:Morality: Objective, Relative or Emotive?
Description:(Dr. Matthew Chrisman) We all live with some sense of what is good or bad, some feelings about which ways of conducting ourselves are better or worse. But what is the status of these moral beliefs, senses, or feelings? Should we think of them as reflecting hard, objective facts about our world, of the sort that scientists could uncover and study? Or should we think of moral judgements as mere expressions of personal or cultural preferences? In this module we’ll survey some of the different options that are available when we’re thinking about these issues, and the problems and prospects for each.
Name:What is Knowledge? And Do We Have Any?
Description:(Professor Duncan Pritchard) We know a lot of things – or, at least, we think we do. Epistemology is the branch of philosophy that studies knowledge; what it is, and the ways we can come to have it. In this module, we’ll take a tour through some of the issues that arise in this branch of philosophy. In particular, we’ll think about what radical scepticism means for our claims to knowledge. How can we know something is the case if we’re unable to rule out possibilities that are clearly incompatible with it?
Name:Week 2 review: Lesson Choices
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Name:Do We Have an Obligation to Obey the Law?
Description:(Dr. Guy Fletcher) The laws of a state govern what we can and cannot do within that state. But do we have an obligation to obey those laws? In this module, we'll discuss this question, together with some of the main positions that philosophers have developed in response to it. We'll start off by examining what obeying the law means exactly. Then we'll look at three factors that might form the basis of an obligation to follow the law. Finally, we'll discuss what the consequences might be if the problem can't be solved.
Name:Should You Believe What You Hear?
Description:(Dr. Allan Hazlett) Much of what we think about the world we believe on the basis of what other people say. But is this trust in other people's testimony justified? In this module, we’ll investigate how this question was addressed by two great philosophers of the Scottish Enlightenment, David Hume (1711 - 1776) and Thomas Reid (1710 - 1796). Hume and Reid's dispute about testimony represents a clash between two worldviews that would continue to clash for centuries: a skeptical and often secular worldview, eager to question everything (represented by Hume), and a conservative and often religious worldview, keen to defend common sense (represented by Reid).
Name:Week 3 review: Lesson Choices
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Name:Minds, Brains and Computers
Description:(Dr. Suilin Lavelle) If you’re reading this, then you’ve got a mind. But what is a mind, and what does it take to have one? Should we understand minds as sets of dispositions to behave in certain ways, as patterns of neural activation, or as akin to programmes that are run on the computational hardware of our brains? In this module, we’ll look at how and why recent philosophy of mind and psychology has embraced each of these options in turn, and think about the problems and prospects for each.
Name:Are Scientific Theories True?
Description:(Professor Michela Massimi) In this module we will explore a central and ongoing debate in contemporary philosophy of science: whether or not scientific theories are true. Or better, whether a scientific theory needs to be 'true' to be good at all. The answer to this question comes in two main varieties. Scientific realists believe that theories ought to be true in order to be good. We will analyse their main argument for this claim (which goes under the name of 'no miracles argument'), and some prominent objections to it. Scientific antirealists, on the other hand, defend the view that there is nothing special about 'truth' and that scientific theories and scientific progress can be understood without appeal to it. The aim of this session is to present both views, their main arguments, and prospects.
Name:Week 4 review: Lesson Choices
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Name:Do We Have Free Will and Does It Matter?
Description:(Dr. Elinor Mason) We typically feel that the actions that we make are the result of our own free choices. But what if those actions are simply the end result of a long chain of cause and effect? What does this mean for free will? In this module, we'll look at the concept of determinism. In particular, we'll consider the implications that determinism might have for the notion of free will.
Name:Time Travel and Philosophy
Description:(Dr. Alasdair Richmond) In this module we'll think about some issues in metaphysics, a branch of philosophy that investigates the ways that reality could intelligibly be. Our case study will be the possibility, or otherwise, of time-travel. Some have thought that the apparent possibility of creating a machine that we could use to transport a person backwards in time can be ruled out just by thinking about it. But is time-travel really logically impossible? What would the universe have to be like for it to be possible? And can we know whether our universe fits the bill?
Name:Week 5 review: Lesson Choices
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Name:Peer review
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This course will introduce you to some of the main areas of research in contemporary philosophy. Each module a different philosopher will talk you through some of the most important questions and issues in their area of expertise. We’ll begin by trying to understand what philosophy is – what are its characteristic aims and methods, and how does it differ from other subjects? Then we’ll spend the rest of the course gaining an introductory overview of several different areas of philosophy. Topics you’ll learn about will include: Epistemology, where we’ll consider what our knowledge of the world and ourselves consists in, and how we come to have it; Philosophy of science, where we’ll investigate foundational conceptual issues in scientific research and practice; Philosophy of Mind, where we’ll ask questions about what it means for something to have a mind, and how minds should be understood and explained; Political Philosophy, where we'll investigate whether we have an obligation to obey the law; Moral Philosophy, where we’ll attempt to understand the nature of our moral judgements and reactions – whether they aim at some objective moral truth, or are mere personal or cultural preferences, and; Metaphysics, where we’ll think through some fundamental conceptual questions about free will and the nature of reality. The development of this MOOC has been led by the University of Edinburgh's Eidyn research centre. To accompany 'Introduction to Philosophy', we are pleased to announce a tie-in book from Routledge entitled 'Philosophy for Everyone'. This course companion to the 'Introduction to Philosophy' course was written by the Edinburgh Philosophy team expressly with the needs of MOOC students in mind. 'Philosophy for Everyone' contains clear and user-friendly chapters, chapter summaries, glossary, study questions, suggestions for further reading and guides to online resources. Please click "Start Here" and navigate to the "Optional Reading" page for more information.
