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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/personalised-medicine-from-a-nordic-perspective
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：从北欧视角看个性化医学 课程概述：技术革命在医疗和研究领域产生了大量数据，并迅速增加了与个人健康相关的重要因素的知识。这为从“一刀切”的治疗模式转向个性化或精准医学提供了巨大潜力，以指导改善每一位患者的健康决策。新冠疫情提高了公众和政治对个性化医学重要性的认识，尤其是宿主因素（如年龄、性别、肥胖、吸烟和共病等）对严重COVID-19疾病风险的影响。 北欧国家具有独特的福利系统，普遍可获得医疗服务，以及全国性长期健康数据库和生物样本库。这些基础设施结合独特的个人标识符，为个性化医学的发展创造了最佳条件。北欧的研究、转化、护理和教育模式可以为世界其他地区树立榜样。 本课程将介绍、描述和讨论个性化医学的概念，从患者和医疗基础设施的角度出发，创造一个与日常护理相结合的学习环境。课程还将涵盖风险沟通以及个性化医学的伦理、法律和社会方面，并展示个性化医学已在常规护理中应用的示例。 该课程由北欧医科大学教育工作组的教师领导，得到了北欧医学研究委员会联合委员会的资助。来自北欧各国的专家参加了该课程。 课程大纲： 1. 个性化医学导论：介绍个性化医学的概念和方法，强调北欧国家的基础设施如何促进个性化医学的开发和实施。 2. 个性化医学中的健康信息：讨论如何利用现有的健康数据为个体定制护理，并介绍数据清洗和数据科学在个性化医学中的关键作用。 3. 生物标志物、遗传学与组学：描述生物标志物的定义和应用，强调遗传学在个性化医学中的基本作用，以及组学的快速发展。 4. 个性化医学临床疗效的证据与文献：探讨个性化医学的数据驱动所带来的证据的挑战与机遇，描述不同的试验设计和创新途径。 5. 个性化医学中的沟通：讲解风险计算与沟通，患者中心的护理，以及媒体对新医疗技术的影响。 6. 个性化医学的伦理、法律和社会方面：讨论个性化医学在研究、临床和社会中的伦理及社会影响，并描述北欧国家的相关立法和行业对健康数据的兴趣与合作。 通过以上模块，课程旨在为学生提供个性化医学的全面理解和应用框架。
Name:Introduction to personalised medicine
Description:This module will introduce the concept and methods of personalised medicine, including terminology and definitions, with emphasis on how the infrastructure of the Nordic countries facilitates developing and implementing personalised medicine in collaboration. Examples of applied personalised medicine in the Nordic countries and unmet needs in common diseases, where personalised medicine can be the way forward, will be described and discussed.
Name:Health information used in personalised medicine
Description:The module describes what kind of information is useful to tailor the care of individuals, with focus on the potential of health data that is already collected, and the benefits of using such “real-life” data compared to clinical guidelines based on evidence from randomised clinical trials, but also the importance for data “cleaning” to increase the usefulness of such data. Data analysis is key to unfold the potential of collected health data and the module introduces data science as a tool to apply data-driven clinical decision making and thus personalised medicine.
Name:Biomarkers, genetics, and omics
Description:The module describes definitions and identification of biomarkers and how these can be applied in precision medicine, as this part of personalised medicine is often referred to today. Genetics have a fundamental role in personalised medicine, and the students are expected to have a basic understanding of terminology, definitions and methodology, while the focus here is on its use and potential in personalised medicine (other courses can be taken to gain that knowledge basis if needed). A similar approach is taken for the rapidly developing field of ‘omics’ (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics etc), since this field could well fill up a course on its own. Thus, the module describes analyses and interpretation of biomarker, genetic and omics data and their implications for care. In addition it describes how open data sources are used for analyses and interpretation of such data.
Name:Evidence and documentation for clinical efficacy of personalised medicine
Description:The module will describe and discuss what “evidence” is and the challenges and opportunities and shift in the paradigm that data-driven personalised medicine has introduced. Furthermore, evidence-based medicine including different trial designs and novel trial designs will be described and discussed. The challenge for personalised medicine and novel trial designs to generate good enough evidence for clinical implementation is discussed from a clinical and legal perspective. Finally, the innovation pipeline from research to clinical practice is also described and discussed.
Name:Communication in personalised medicine
Description:The module will introduce, describe and discuss risk – a cornerstone in personalised medicine. How is risk calculated, communicated, inferred and interpreted? Furthermore, patient-centered care – a complement to personalised medicine – and the pro’s and con’s of screening for diseases will be described and discussed.Finally, the role of the media for the hype and horror sometimes introduced by novel healthcare technologies will be discussed.
Name:Ethical, legal and social aspects of personalised medicine
Description:The module will introduce and discuss the ethical and social aspects of personalised medicine in research, clinic and society as well as its impact on health economy and prioritisation. The legislation and regulation of personalised medicine in the Nordic countries will be described and discussed. Furthermore, the industry interest in and collaboration on health data and biologic material will be described and discussed focusing on challenges, possibilities and perspectives. Finally, the module concludes on future perspectives for personalised medicine in the Nordic countries.
The technical revolution has generated large amounts of data in healthcare and research, and a rapidly increasing knowledge about factors of importance for the individual’s health. This holds great potential to support a change from the one-size-fits-all paradigm to personalised or precision medicine, to guide and thereby improve each health decision of expected benefit for the patient. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has contributed to a great public and political awareness of the importance of personalised medicine, where the influence of host factors like age, sex, obesity, smoking, co-morbidities etc. confer increased risk of serious COVID-19 illness. It is expected that in the near future, a more systematic and data-driven approach for prediction and risk stratification of COVID-19 patients and many other patient groups, will increase and improve due to better understanding of disease pathology, including the influence of genetic variability and biomarkers on disease risk and outcome. The Nordic countries have unique welfare systems with general access to healthcare, and longitudinal nationwide health databases and biobanks. This infrastructure combined with unique person identifiers creates an optimal setting for personalised medicine development, and the Nordic model of research, translation, care and education can serve as a forefront example for the rest of the world. The course in Personalised medicine from a Nordic perspective will introduce, describe, define and discuss the concept of personalised medicine from the aspect of the patient, health-care and the infrastructure available to generate a learning environment that is integrated with everyday care of patients. The course also covers communication of risk and the ethical, legal and social aspects of personalised medicine and presents examples where personalised medicine approach is already used in routine care. The course was initiated by Faculty leaders in the Education Working Group of Nordic Medical Schools and received funding from the Joint Committee of the Nordic Medical Research Councils (NOS-M). Experts from all the Nordic countries participate in the course: Saedis Saevarsdottir, Sisse Ostrowski, Hans Tomas Björnsson, Richard Rosenquist Brandell, Henning Bundgaard, Engilbert Sigurðsson, Aarno Palotie, Ole A Andreassen, Runolfur Palsson, Alma Möller, Søren Brunak, Johan Askling, Carsten Utoft Niemann, Rudi Agius, Sofia Ernestam, Saemundur Oddsson, Henrik Ullum, Kari Stefansson, Patrick Sulem, Simon Rasmussen, Jens Lundgren, Anders Perner, Merete Lund Hetland, Heidi Bentzen, Henning Langberg, Sigurdur Kristinsson, Thor Aspelund, Jeanette Knox, David Arnar, Sigurdis Haraldsdottir, Hakon Heimer, Lone Frank, Mette Nordahl Svendsen, Bjorn Hofmann, and Morten Søgaard.
