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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/particle-physics
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课程名称：粒子物理学：导论 课程概述：本课程将带您进入亚原子物理的世界，探讨原子核和粒子的物理学。主要内容包括： - 粒子物理的基本概念及其应用。 - 原子核的性质及其使用方法。 - 粒子的加速、探测及其属性测量。 - 高能粒子反应和粒子衰变带来的启示。 - 电磁相互作用的原理及其应用。 - 强相互作用的机制及其复杂性。 - 弱相互作用的特征及其独特性。 - 亚原子层面物体的质量及希格斯玻色子的作用。 - 如何寻找未知现象。 - 粒子物理在天体物理学及宇宙整体中的重要性。 课程共分为八个模块：第一个模块是主题介绍，第二和第三模块（核物理、加速器和探测器）可独立学习。第四至第六模块深入探讨基本粒子物理标准模型所描述的物质和力。第七模块讲述寻找新现象的方法，而最后一个模块则介绍宇宙中神秘的暗物质和暗能量。 课程大纲： 1. 物质与力，测量与计数：概述粒子物理学中研究的对象，介绍相互作用强度的表征方法（交叉截面概念），并参观日内瓦大学核物理实验室。 2. 核物理：探讨核物理及其应用，建议学习时间为两周，并参观瑞士科技学院的托卡马克设备及贝兹瑙核电站，以加深对核物理在能源供应中的应用理解。 3. 加速器与探测器：介绍粒子加速与探测的基本事实，学习电磁加速的原理，以及如何使用现代粒子探测器获取详细信息，学习时间建议两周。 4. 电磁相互作用：讨论电磁相互作用的特性，介绍自旋及其在测量中的作用，并通过基本的电磁过程例子来说明共同特征。 5. 强相互作用与强子：讨论强子的结构和强相互作用的特性，通过电子散射探索强子内部结构，了解颜色等奇特性质。 6. 电弱相互作用：介绍弱相互作用及希格斯机制，学习弱电相互作用的丰富现象，包括反粒子的相关知识及W和Z玻色子的性质。 7. 发现新现象：讨论超越标准模型的未知现象的搜索方法，强调标准模型的不完全性及对新物理的需求。 8. 暗物质与暗能量：最后一个模块将探索宇宙中神秘的暗物质和暗能量。 通过本课程，学员将对粒子物理学有深入的理解，同时掌握现代实验技术和理论基础，提升科学探究能力。
Name:Matter and forces, measuring and counting
Description:During this first module, we will give an overview of the objects studied in particle physics, namely matter, forces and space-time. We will discuss how one characterizes the strength of an interaction between particles using the concept of cross section, which is central to our subject. At the end of this module, we will visit the laboratory of the nuclear physics course at University of Geneva to see an example of how one measures the strength of a reaction in practice.
Name:Nuclear physics
Description:During this second module, we deal with nuclear physics and its applications. This is a rather self-contained module. If your main interest is nuclear physics, you will be well served. You will notice that this is a rather substantial module, we recommend that you take two weeks to digest it. At the end of this module, we will visit the Tokamak of the Swiss Institute of Technology in Lausanne and the Beznau nuclear power plant, the oldest one still in operation. This will alllow you to better understand the applications of nuclear physics for our energy supply.
Name:Accelerators and detectors
Description:In this module, we treat the basic facts about particle acceleration and detection. This is a rather self-contained module. If your main interest is particle acceleration and detection, you will be well served. You will notice that this is rather substantial module, we recommend that you take two weeks to digest it. We introduce electromagnetic acceleration and focalisation of particle beams and show how they are used in the accelerator complex of CERN. We describe how charged particles and photons interact with matter and how these interactions are used to detect particles and measure their properties. And we show how modern particle detectors use the synergies between different detection methods to get exhaustive information about the final state of particle collisions.
Name:Electromagnetic interactions
Description:We now start a series of three modules discussing the three fundamental forces described by the Standard Model of particle physics. In this forth module, we go into more details about the properties of electromagnetic interactions. We discuss spin and how it intervenes in measurements. And we give a few examples of basic electromagnetic processes to point out common features. You will notice that the intellectual challenge and also the level of mathematical description rises somewhat as we go along. This is why we first remind you how to describe the intensity of a reaction using the cross section and the decay rate and how to construct a Feynman diagram.
Name:Hadrons and strong interaction
Description:In this module we discuss the structure of hadrons and the properties of strong interactions. We start out by explaining how one uses the scattering of electrons off nucleons to learn about the internal structure of these baryons. Step by step we lead you from elastic scattering, through the excitation of resonances, all the way to deep inelastic processes. You thus learn about the concept of form factors and structure functions and what they tell us about hadron structure. We then discuss the physics behind this and learn about color and the strange features of strong interactions, like asymptotic freedom and confinement.
Name:Electro-weak interactions
Description:In this 6th module, we discuss weak interactions and the Higgs mechanism. You will notice that this module is again larger that average. This is due to the rich phenomenology of electro-weak interactions. We recommend that you take 2 weeks to digest the contents. Before entering into our subject, in this first video we go into more depth on the subject of antiparticles. We will then discuss the discrete transformations of charge, space and time reversal. Weak interactions are introduced, explaining the weak charge (called weak isospin) and examples of decays and interactions. Properties of the W and Z bosons are detailed. The extremely tiny cross sections of neutrino interactions with matter are discussed. In the last part of the module, we explain how the Higgs mechanism keeps particles from moving at the speed of light, and the properties of the associated Higgs boson.
Name:Discovering new phenomena
Description:In this 7th module Anna discusses searches for new phenomena, beyond the known ones described by the standard model and covered in previous modules. We will remind you why we believe that the standard model is incomplete and new physics must be added. We will explain how hadron collider data are rendered usable for searches. And we will discuss examples, split into the two categories, based on how new phenomena might manifest themselves.
Name:Dark matter and dark energy
Description:
This course introduces you to subatomic physics, i.e. the physics of nuclei and particles. More specifically, the following questions are addressed: - What are the concepts of particle physics and how are they implemented? - What are the properties of atomic nuclei and how can one use them? - How does one accelerate and detect particles and measure their properties? - What does one learn from particle reactions at high energies and particle decays? - How do electromagnetic interactions work and how can one use them? - How do strong interactions work and why are they difficult to understand? - How do weak interactions work and why are they so special? - What is the mass of objects at the subatomic level and how does the Higgs boson intervene? - How does one search for new phenomena beyond the known ones? - What can one learn from particle physics concerning astrophysics and the Universe as a whole? The course is structured in eight modules. Following the first one which introduces our subject, the modules 2 (nuclear physics) and 3 (accelerators and detectors) are rather self contained and can be studied separately. The modules 4 to 6 go into more depth about matter and forces as described by the standard model of particle physics. Module 7 deals with our ways to search for new phenomena. And the last module introduces you to two mysterious components of the Universe, namely Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
