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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/opioid-epidemic
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课程名称：阿片类药物流行病：从证据到影响 概述：虽然处方阿片类药物在癌症疼痛和临终疼痛的治疗中发挥着重要作用，但其在急性和慢性非癌症疼痛中的过度使用，以及海洛因和非法芬太尼的日益可得，导致了美国历史上最高的过量服药和阿片类药物成瘾率。亟需基于证据的解决方案来应对这些问题，并促进高质量的疼痛护理。本课程及其基础报告正是对此需求的回应，为所有致力于解决与阿片类药物相关的伤害和死亡的人士提供及时的信息和前进的方向。 课程大纲： 1. **引言与数据**：回顾美国阿片类药物使用障碍的数据，讨论阿片药物过量的一般趋势及现有数据系统的局限性，基于《阿片类药物流行病报告》（2017年）第六节。 2. **处方药监控计划（PDMPs）**：概述PDMPs，讨论如何利用其减少可能被滥用的处方阿片类药物供应，并回顾相关研究，基于报告第一节。 3. **临床指南**：审查处方指南作为减少高风险阿片处方的干预措施，与疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）工作人员的对话提供了关于开发和传播处方指南的见解，基于报告第二节。 4. **药房福利管理**：概述药房福利管理者和药房在处方阿片类药物供应中的作用，讨论通过PBMs和药房监测高风险处方的机会，基于报告第三节。 5. **工程策略**：介绍重新设计阿片类药物及其处方瓶的想法，以减少无意的阿片类药物中毒和转移，讨论一种可以按程序间隔分发特定药量的处方瓶原型设计，基于报告第四节。 6. **患者与公众的参与**：回顾与患者和公众沟通阿片类药物使用障碍的策略，讨论安全存储和处置策略，基于报告第五节。 7. **治疗阿片类药物使用障碍**：讨论成瘾作为一种疾病以及药物治疗，回顾已知的疾病风险因素，基于报告第七节。 8. **纳洛酮**：描述纳洛酮这种有效逆转阿片过量的药物，以及其获取途径的增加，强调政府机构在传播纳洛酮处方中的作用，基于报告第八节。 9. **减害**：概述阿片类药物使用障碍中的减害策略，并提供相关证据的讨论，基于报告第九节。 10. **污名化**：讨论围绕药物使用和治疗的污名化现象，探讨通过提供替代污名化语言的策略来对抗污名，基于报告第十节。 本课程旨在为医务工作者、政策制定者和公众提供有关应对阿片类药物危机的综合知识与策略。
Name:Introduction and Data
Description:This module reviews the data available about opioid use disorders in the United States. Information about general trends in opioid overdose, and some limitations of current data systems are discussed. This module draws from section 6 of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs)
Description:This module provides an overview of Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs). Explanations of how PDMPs are used to reduce the supply of prescription opioids likely to be misused are discussed. A review of the research about PDMPs is also included. This module draws from section one of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Clinical Guidelines
Description:This module reviews prescribing guidelines as an intervention for reducing high risk opioid prescribing. A conversation between the course instructors and representatives from CDC’s National Center for Injury Prevention and Control about CDC’s Guideline for Prescribing Opioids for Chronic Pain provides insight into the process of developing and disseminating one guideline. This module aligns with section two of of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Pharmacy Benefit Managers
Description:This module provides an overview of the role of pharmacy benefit managers and pharmacies in the supply of prescription opioids. Opportunities to monitor high risk prescribing through PBMs and pharmacies are also discussed. This module draws from section three of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Engineering Strategies
Description:This module introduces the idea that redesigning opioid medications and the pill vials they are prescribed in is one strategy to reduce unintentional opioid poisonings and diversion. The module features a discussion of a prototype design for a pill vial engineered to dispense a specified amount of medication at programmed intervals to authorized users. This module aligns with section four of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Engaging Patients and the General Public
Description:This module reviews strategies for communicating with patients and the public about opioid use disorders. Safe storage and disposal strategies are also discussed. This module draws from section five of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Treating Opioid Use Disorders
Description:This module discusses addiction as a disease and medication as treatment. Consideration of known risk factors for disease are also reviewed. This module aligns with section seven of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Naloxone
Description:This module describes naloxone, a medication that effectively reverses an opioid overdose, and how access to naloxone has increased. The role of government agencies in disseminating naloxone prescriptions is also highlighted. This module draws from section eight of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Harm Reduction
Description:This module provides an overview of harm reduction in the context of opioid use disorders. Examples of harm reduction strategies are provided, and the available evidence discussed. This module aligns with section nine of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
Name:Stigma
Description:This module discusses the stigma surrounding drug use and treatment. Strategies for combatting stigma by providing alternatives to stigmatizing language are discussed. This module draws from section 10 of the "The Opioid Epidemic" report (2017).
While prescription opioids serve an invaluable role for the treatment of cancer pain and pain at the end of life, their overuse for acute and chronic non-cancer pain as well as the increasing availability of heroin and illicit fentanyl, have contributed to the highest rates of overdose and opioid addiction in U.S. history. Evidence-informed solutions are urgently needed to address these issues and to promote high-quality care for those with pain. This course and the report it is based on are a response to that need. They offer timely information and a path forward for all who are committed to addressing injuries and deaths associated with opioids in the United States.
