|
所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/onehealth
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：蝙蝠、鸭子与疫情：一体化健康政策导论 概述：欢迎参与“蝙蝠、鸭子与疫情：一体化健康政策导论”课程。一体化健康（One Health）概念认为人类、动物及环境生态系统的健康是互相联系的，为解决复杂的健康问题（如食品安全、传染性疾病及抗生素耐药性等）提供了实用的框架。该概念还可以用来分析政府政策，以评估其在改善公众健康和福祉方面的有效性。 农业是文明的基础，食物的盈余助长了城市的发展，而城市推动了国家的形成。科学技术的发现又促进了人口增长。然而，农业也带来了环境破坏和人畜共患病的风险。抗生素是现代医学的基石，但也导致了抗生素耐药性和对人畜微生物组的潜在有害改变。 本课程将涉及多个学科，包括基本流行病学、公共卫生、公共政策、基础微生物学、食品安全与保障、人畜共患病、卫生与健康、抗生素耐药性、环境与生态健康，以及监督健康、农业和环境的国家与国际组织。课程还将讨论流感、Q热和埃博拉等疫情爆发的案例。尽管课程在COVID-19疫情之前开发和录制，但学习到的概念仍然适用。课程强调整体健康而非孤立的健康观念。 课程大纲： 1. 开始介绍：一体化健康、公共卫生、基础流行病学 2. 公共政策、环境与生态健康、国家政府及国际组织 3. 人类营养、基础微生物学、食品安全、食品保障 4. 领导力、腐败、沟通与医疗保健可及性 5. 抗生素：抗生素、抗生素耐药性、噬菌体、疫苗与抗病毒药物 6. 控制疫情爆发，朊病毒病、细菌病与病毒病 这个课程强调通过综合的方法来关联公共健康与政策，以有效应对健康危机，并加强对未来疫情的预防与响应能力。
Part: 1
Title:Getting Started. One Health, Public Health, Basic Epidemiology
Description:Public health examines the health of populations. Public health professionals rely on epidemiology, the collection, and analysis of health data from groups of individuals, to determine which diseases are causing the most problems and require governmental interventions. The One Health concept recognizes that human health relies on healthy animals, environments, and ecosystems. Integrating the One Health concept into public health requires the inclusion of health data from animals, such as pets, livestock, and wildlife, as well as environmental data, such as air and water quality. In this week’s sessions, we will briefly discuss public health, epidemiology, and One Health.
Part: 2
Title:Public Policy, Environmental and Ecosystem Health, National Governments, International Organizations
Description:A nation’s constitution determines its government’s structure, function, and funding. Public health and One Health are inherently governmental responsibilities since they benefit entire populations. Public policy is the study of what governments do or don’t do regarding specific issues. Environmental health focuses on the non-living (i.e. air, water, and soil) aspects of specific geographic areas. Ecosystem health, in contrast, examines the interactions between living organisms with each other within a specific environment. This week’s sessions will discuss public policy, the differences between environmental and ecosystem health, and the structure and function of national governments and international organizations relevant to implementing One Health nationally and globally.
Part: 3
Title:Human Nutrition, Basic Microbiology, Food Safety, Food Security
Description:“You are what you eat!” said Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, a French lawyer, and gastronome in the early 19th century. The importance of good nutrition is essential for health and well-being. We must learn that when we eat, we feed not only ourselves but our microbes as well. Microbes including bacteria and viruses play an important role in human and animal health, but some also cause disease. Food must be free of contaminating microbes and substances in order to be safe for consumption. Agriculture is the foundation of civilization because it provides a relatively secure food supply. Agriculture is both threatened by and contributes to climate change. This week’s sessions will discuss basic nutrition and microbiology as well as food safety and food security.
Part: 4
Title:Examining Leadership, Corruption, Communication, and Healthcare Access
Description:Who’s in charge matters when responding to deadly epidemics. Decision-making, or the lack thereof, can make the difference between life or death. Political and public health leaders must develop good working relationships in order to develop effective policies during public health crises. They must be able to communicate well, and they must not be corrupt. Corruption undermines public trust and jeopardizes health. For a government to be prepared for any public health threat, quality healthcare must be accessible to all. This week’s lectures will discuss political and public health leadership, corruption, communication, and healthcare access.
Part: 5
Title:Antimicrobials: Antibiotics, Antimicrobial Resistance, Bacteriophages, Vaccines and Antivirals
Description:Antibiotics are the foundation of modern medicine. Without safe and effective antibiotics, many modern therapies such as elective surgeries become too dangerous to do because the risk for infections becomes too high. Many microbes share resistance genes enabling them to evade antibiotics. Worsening antimicrobial resistance threatens the practice of modern medicine. Bacteriophages are tiny viruses that are the natural foes of bacteria. They are highly specific and challenging to use as antibacterial agents; nevertheless, they might serve as important alternatives or adjuncts to treat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. In contrast to bacteria, viruses are technically not alive and cannot be killed. Therefore, antiviral agents work by blocking viral activities such as entering cells and hijacking cellular machinery to make new viruses. Vaccines are typically made from pieces of dead bacteria, inactivated viruses, or genetically engineered proteins that mimic bacterial or viral proteins. Vaccines work by providing target practice for the host’s immune system, enabling it to prevent invading microbes from causing disease. This week’s sessions will discuss antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, bacteriophages, antiviral agents, and vaccines.
Part: 6
Title: Containing Disease Outbreaks, Prion Diseases, Bacterial Diseases and Viral Diseases
Description:Containing disease outbreaks requires a variety of responses including epidemiologic investigations, widespread testing, contact tracing, quarantine, isolation, and if available, administration of medications and vaccines. Effective public communication and trust are essential. Many of the disease outbreaks that are spreading into human populations come from animals and are either directly or indirectly related to agriculture. Response strategies depend upon the type of microbes such as bacteria, viruses, or prions causing the outbreaks. This final week’s sessions will discuss containing disease outbreaks as well as examining public health crises caused by different microbes: prions, bacteria (i.e. Q fever), and viruses (i.e. Influenza and Ebola). For the COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, there will be readings and discussion questions, but no video at this time.
Welcome to "Bats, Ducks, and Pandemics: An Introduction to One Health Policy". One Health is the concept that human, animal, and environmental/ecosystem health are linked. The concept provides a useful framework for examining complex health issues such as food safety and security, emerging and vector-borne diseases, and antimicrobial resistance. It can be used to analyze government policies to determine if they are effective in improving health and well-being. Agriculture is the foundation of civilization. Surplus food enabled the growth of cities; cities led to nations, and nations discovered the science and technology that allowed populations to grow. But agriculture comes with costs including environmental and ecosystem destruction and the emergence of zoonotic diseases. Antibiotics are the foundation of modern medicine. But antibiotics have come with costs too, including antimicrobial resistance and potentially harmful changes to human and animal microbiomes. This interdisciplinary course will cover diverse subjects such as basic epidemiology, public health, public policy, basic microbiology, food safety, and security, zoonotic diseases, sanitation and hygiene, antimicrobial resistance, environmental and ecosystem health, and the national and international organizations that oversee health, agriculture, and the environment. Disease outbreaks including Influenza, Q fever, and Ebola will be discussed. While the course was developed and recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic, the concepts learned very much apply to it. This course emphasizes holistic, not siloed, approaches to health, and disease.
