|
所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/non-communicable-diseases-in-humanitarian-settings
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：人道主义环境中的非传染性疾病 课程概述：非传染性疾病（NCDs）是全球几乎所有地区的主要死亡原因，对个人、家庭和社会造成巨大负担。在人道主义环境中，疾病水平和治疗可能性受到负面影响。非传染性疾病在全球健康中的重要性得到了可持续发展目标的认可，目标是到2030年将因NCDs导致的过早死亡减少三分之一。然而，直到最近，NCDs在人的道主义环境中鲜有关注，导致一些最脆弱群体的预防、护理和治疗需求大多未得到解决。根据世界卫生组织的数据，全球70%的死亡都是由非传染性疾病引起的，其中导致最多死亡的四大疾病组分别是心血管疾病、癌症、糖尿病和慢性阻塞性肺病（包括哮喘）。 本课程将提供关于人道主义环境中与非传染性疾病相关的议题和困境的知识，并探讨可能的解决方案。 为何在紧急情况或危机中，非传染性疾病会成为问题？自然灾害和复杂的紧急情况（包括武装冲突）对疾病水平和预防、治疗及护理NCDs的可能性产生负面影响。患有NCDs的人通常需要持续的护理以避免疾病进展，而因自然灾害或紧急情况造成的治疗中断则构成巨大的健康挑战。在冲突和脆弱背景下，护理和治疗的中断挑战可能更加复杂——估计有6500万人因冲突被迫流离失所，流离状态持续时间较长，且在某些情况下，卫生系统和健康人员会受到针对。 课程大纲： - 模块1：为什么重要？ - 描述：在第一模块中，您将了解NCDs在全球范围内增加的原因，以及为何在紧急情况或危机中NCDs尤其成问题。自然灾害和复杂的紧急情况，包括武装冲突，会对疾病水平以及预防、治疗和护理产生消极影响。 - 模块2：正在采取哪些措施？ - 描述：在第二模块中，您将了解一些人道行动的基本方法及其如何适用于NCDs，包括基本概念，以及它们如何帮助或阻碍对NCDs的响应。 - 模块3：挑战与机遇 - 描述：在第三模块中，您将学习优先级（个人健康响应的首要任务是挽救生命，集中于过度死亡和疾病），风险分析的重要性（风险方程），从急性救助向长期援助过渡的挑战——从方案蓝图到情境化与能力建设，以及长期预算问题。 通过该课程，参与者能够更好地理解在复杂的人道主义环境中，应对非传染性疾病的各种挑战与应对策略。
Name:Module 1: Why is it important?
Description:In module one you will learn about why NCDs have increased in the world as a whole and about why NCDs are a particular problem in humanitarian emergencies or crises. Natural disasters and complex emergencies including armed conflict may have a negative effect, both on the levels of disease, and on the possibilities for preventing, treating or caring for people with NCDs.
Name:Module - What is being done?
Description:In module two you will learn about some of the basic approaches of humanitarian action and how they might that apply to NCDs. This would include basic concepts, and how they might help or hamper the response to NCDs.
Name:Module: Challenges and Opportunities
Description:In module three you will learn about prioritization (the classical first priority for health response to save lives, and concentrate on excess mortality and morbidity), the importance of risk analysis (the risk equation), the challenges involved in transition from acute to longer term assistance – from blueprint to contextualizing and building capacity – as well as about longer term budgetary issues.
NCDs are the leading cause of death in almost every region of the world, and place a huge burden on individuals, families and societies. Humanitarian settings have a negative effect on the levels of disease, and the possibility of treatment. The importance of NCDs in global health is acknowledged by their inclusion in the Sustainable Development Goals, which call for a reduction of a third in premature mortality from NCDs by 2030. However, NCDs have until recently received little attention in humanitarian settings, leaving prevention, care and treatment needs largely unaddressed among some of the most vulnerable populations. According to the World Health Organization, 70 percent of global deaths are due to NCDs. The four main disease groups which cause the greatest number of deaths are cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (including asthma). The course will provide knowledge about issues and dilemmas that occur around NCDs in humanitarian settings and possible solutions. Why are NCDs a problem in humanitarian emergencies or crises? Natural disasters and complex emergencies, including armed conflict, have a negative effect on the levels of disease, and on the possibilities for preventing, treating and caring for people with NCDs. People living with NCDs often need continuous care to avoid disease progression, and disrupted treatment due to natural disaster or emergencies pose a large health challenge. In conflict situations and fragile contexts, the challenge of disrupted care and treatment may be exacerbated – an estimated 65 million people have been forcibly displaced by conflict, displacement lasts longer, and at times health systems and health personnel are deliberately targeted.
