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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/microeconomics-part2
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：微观经济学：市场失灵 课程概述：完美市场实现效率，最大化总体盈余。但现实市场并不完美。在本课程中，我们将探讨一系列市场不完善现象，以理解其失败的原因，并探索可能的解决方案，包括反垄断政策、监管和政府干预。课程中的例子来源于日常生活中我们所有人购买和使用的商品和服务。通过每周的练习，我们将应用理论于当前事件和政策辩论，帮助您成为一位受过教育的批判性思考者，能够理解、分析和评估市场结果。 课程大纲： 1. **成本与利润 + 完全竞争** - 本部分介绍市场力量如何实现有效结果，即市场能够产生的最大利益。后续部分探索市场未能达成目标的案例，设定完全竞争市场的基准案例，定义完全竞争并图形建模，讨论长期利润和效率的关键结果。 2. **垄断** - 垄断是市场中只有一个公司的情况。本节定义并建模此情况，解释市场力量对企业的好处及对消费者的负面影响，同时说明整个社会如何因缺乏竞争而受损。 3. **垄断续篇** - 垄断有多种类型，包括单一价格垄断、自然垄断、价格歧视和垄断竞争。本节将扩展基本垄断模型，覆盖这些情况，并探讨每种情形下的市场结果。同时讨论政府如何在此类情况下进行干预，以增进社会整体利益和市场盈余。 4. **外部性 + 公共物品** - 探讨两个经典的市场失灵案例：外部性和公共物品。定义每个案例，展示市场为何未能提供有效结果，并提出通过市场设计或监管的干预建议。 5. **信息不对称与不平等** - 到目前为止，我们假设市场信息是完全的。现在我们将放宽这一假设，引入道德风险和逆向选择的概念。学习到信息不对称可能导致市场失灵，并讨论一些补救措施。课程最后部分提醒我们效率之外，公平也是我们关心的标准，简要介绍经济学家如何衡量贫困与不平等现象。 通过本课程，学员将获得对市场运行及其失灵的深刻理解，培养批判性思维能力，提升对经济政策的分析和评估能力。
Name:Costs and Profits + Perfect Competition
Description:In the first part of the course we learnt that if we allow market forces to work we reach an efficient outcome: the maximum benefit that can be generated by a market. The second part of the course explores cases where the markets fail to accomplish our goals. This week sets up the benchmark case of the perfectly competitive market: a model we will modify in the next few weeks. We define Perfect Competition, learn to model it graphically and discuss some key results in terms of long run profits and implications for efficiency.
Name:Monopoly
Description:A monopoly is a case where there is only one firm in the market. We will define and model this case and explain why market power is good for the firm, bad for consumers. We will also show that society as a whole suffers from the lack of competition.
Name:Monopoly Continued
Description:Monopolies come in various types: one price monopoly, natural monopoly, price discrimination and monopolistic competition. This week we will expand the basic monopoly model to cover these cases and then explore market outcomes in each case. We will also discuss how government may intervene in such cases to benefit society as a whole and increase the surplus generated by the market.
Name:Externalities + Public Goods
Description:Two classic cases of market failure will be defined and explored: externalities and public goods. We will define each case, demonstrate why the market fails to provide the efficient outcome and suggest interventions through either marked design or regulation.
Name:Asymetric Information and Inequlity
Description:Up to this point we assumed that there is full information in the market. We are now ready to relax this assumption as we introduce the concepts of moral hazard and adverse selection. We learn that asymmetric information may lead to market failure and we discuss some remedies. The last segment in the course is a reminder that besides efficiency, equity is also a criteria we all care about. A short introduction will explore how economist measure poverty and inequality.
Perfect markets achieve efficiency: maximizing total surplus generated. But real markets are imperfect. In this course we will explore a set of market imperfections to understand why they fail and to explore possible remedies including as antitrust policy, regulation, government intervention. Examples are taken from everyday life, from goods and services that we all purchase and use. We will apply the theory to current events and policy debates through weekly exercises. These will empower you to be an educated, critical thinker who can understand, analyze and evaluate market outcomes.
