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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/math-for-democracy
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课程名称：民主、政治与操控的数学 课程概述：欢迎参加《政治、民主与操控的数学》课程，这是一个激发灵感的课程，探索民主与决策的复杂景观。在当今世界，理解影响我们选举系统及民主结果的机制比以往任何时候都更加重要。本课程深入挖掘选举理论和实践的五个关键支柱，赋予参与者导航投票和代表性复杂性的知识和工具。 教学大纲： 1. **投票理论导论** 本模块探讨投票理论，即社会如何进行集体决策的迷人研究。通过了解从经典的多数投票到更复杂的选票排名和批准投票等多种系统的优缺点，您将掌握治理、社会动态或博弈论的基本知识。 2. **其他投票方法和标准** 探索除了多数投票之外的多种选举方法，这些方法不仅限于单一候选人。这一模块探讨各种替代投票方法的原则和机制，以确保选民的意愿被准确反映，促进多样化观点的代表性和公平的决策过程。 3. **投票的复杂性** 深入民主理论的核心，面对其最复杂的难题之一。本模块介绍诺贝尔奖获得者肯尼斯·阿罗的“不可能定理”，揭示完美选举方法难以实现的本质复杂性，加深对民主本质的理解。 4. **加权投票系统** 本模块讲解加权投票系统的运作机制和一种名为班扎夫权力的指标，帮助您解码加权投票系统中的复杂性，理解不同主体在决策中的影响。 5. **沙普利-舒必克权力指数** 通过介绍沙普利-舒必克权力指数，加深对个体在加权环境中影响力的分析和量化。揭示权力的动态关系，理解复杂环境中的决策动态。 6. **美国选举人团** 本模块将探索美国选举人团的加权投票系统，运用班扎夫和沙普利-舒必克权力指数，揭示这一美国民主基石的历史、机制及其对政治的影响。 7. **分配** 介绍代表分配过程，着重于通过人口普查结果分配国会席位的重要性。在本模块中，您将深入理解分配的原则和实践，评估分配方法，确保各社区的声音被听到。 8. **选区划分（杰利曼德）** 研究在现代政治中最具争议的话题之一的杰利曼德现象，探索其起源、机制和后果，并审视促进公平代表性的策略。 通过本课程，您将获得对民主、投票理论及选举过程的深刻理解，并能批判性地评估和倡导有效的代表性机制。
Name:Introduction to Voting Theory
Description:Voting theory is the fascinating study of how societies make collective decisions. Whether it's electing a political leader, selecting the best option in a group decision, or determining fair allocations of resources, understanding voting mechanisms is essential for anyone interested in governance, social dynamics, or even game theory. In this module, we delve into the rich landscape of voting theory, uncovering the complexities behind seemingly simple processes. From the classic plurality voting to more intricate systems like ranked-choice voting and approval voting, we explore the strengths, weaknesses, and implications of each method.
Name:Other Voting Methods and Criteria
Description:While the plurality voting system is the most widely used method in many elections, it's only one piece of the puzzle. In this module, we'll venture into the realm of alternative voting methods, where the choices are not limited to a single candidate or option. This journey beyond the world of Plurality will take us into the diverse world of democratic decision-making. Voting is not just about selecting the most popular candidate; it's about accurately reflecting the will of the electorate, ensuring representation for diverse viewpoints, and promoting a fair and inclusive decision-making process. To achieve these goals, various alternative voting methods have been devised, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. Throughout this module, we'll examine the principles, mechanics, and implications of each voting method, considering their suitability for different contexts and their potential to address common challenges
Name:The Complexities of Voting
Description:In this module, we venture into the heart of democratic theory to confront one of its most perplexing puzzles. In the realm of collective decision-making, democracy stands as a beacon of hope, promising to reflect the will of the people and promote societal harmony. Yet, beneath this noble facade lies a labyrinth of complexity, where competing values, preferences, and ideals collide. This module introduces Arrow's Impossibility Theorem, a seminal work by Nobel laureate Kenneth Arrow that shakes the very foundation of democratic theory. This theorem boldly proclaims that no voting system can satisfy a set of minimal fairness criteria simultaneously, rendering the quest for a perfect electoral method akin to chasing a mirage in the desert. By confronting Arrow's Impossibility Theorem head-on, you will not only gain a deeper understanding of the inherent complexities of democracy but also emerge with newfound insights into the possibilities and limitations of collective decision-making. Whether you're a student of political science, a passionate advocate for social change, or simply a curious mind eager to explore the frontiers of democratic theory, this module will help you navigate the turbulent seas of democracy's first big enigma.
Name:Weighted Voting Systems
Description:In democratic societies and organizational settings alike, decisions are rarely made on a purely egalitarian basis. Instead, individuals and entities often wield varying degrees of influence, shaped by factors such as wealth, resources, or strategic alliances. This module introduces you to the the mechanics of weighted voting systems and a measurement of power, called Banzhaf power, that offers a key to decoding complexities in a weighted voting system.
Name:Shapley-Shubik Power Index
Description:In any group or organization, understanding who holds sway over decisions and why is crucial for navigating complex social and political landscapes. Along with the Banzhaf Power Index, this module introduces you to the Shapley-Shubik power index - a powerful lens through which to analyze and quantify the relative influence of individual players in a weighted setting. By uncovering the hidden dynamics of power, you will develop a nuanced understanding of decision-making dynamics in complex environments.
Name:The United States Electoral College
Description:In this module, we will introduce the US Electoral College as a weighted voting systems and using our tools of Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik Power Indices, we will demystify one of the cornerstone institutions of American democracy. The United States Electoral College has been a subject of both fascination and controversy since its inception. In this module, we embark on a journey to unravel the intricacies of the Electoral College system, exploring its history, mechanics, and impact on the American political landscape. By the end of this module, you will not only have a deep understanding of the US Electoral College but also the tools to critically evaluate its strengths, weaknesses, and potential for reform. Whether you're a student of political science, a concerned citizen, or simply curious about the intricacies of American democracy, join us on this enlightening journey as we decode the mysteries of the Electoral College.
Name:Apportionment
Description:In democratic societies, the fair and equitable distribution of representation is fundamental to ensuring that all voices are heard and all communities are adequately represented. Apportionment, the process of dividing seats in a legislative body among different geographic areas or population groups, lies at the heart of this endeavor. This module is designed to introduce you to the the process of turning the Census results into representation for the House. Like voting theory, there is more here than you might initially expect. In this module, we delve into the complex and essential process of allocating political representation. By the end of this module, you will not only have a deep understanding of the principles and practices of apportionment but also the tools to critically evaluate apportionment methods and advocate for fair and effective representation in your communities and beyond.
Name:Gerrymandering
Description:Welcome to a module dedicated to shedding light on one of the most contentious issues in modern politics: gerrymandering. Gerrymandering, the practice of manipulating electoral district boundaries to favor one political party or group, strikes at the heart of democratic principles. In this module, we embark on a journey to explore the origins, mechanics, and consequences of gerrymandering, and examine strategies for promoting fair and equitable representation. Additional Reading and References for this constantly changing section include: 1. Political Geometry Rethinking Redistricting in the US with Math, Law, and Everything In Between, by Duchin, Walch (ed), Springer, 2022 (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-319-69161-9) 2. The Mathematics of Voting and Elections: A Hands-on Approach: Second Edition (Mathematical World), 2 ed., by Jonathan K. Hodge, Richard E. Klima 3. Gerrymandering in America: The House of Representatives, the Supreme Court, and the Future of Popular Sovereignty by Anthony J. McGann, Charles Anthony Smith , et al. | Apr 4, 2016
Welcome to The Mathematics of Politics, Democracy, and Manipulation, an inspiring course that explores the intricate landscape of democracy and decision-making. In today's world, understanding the mechanisms that shape our electoral systems and influence democratic outcomes is more crucial than ever. This comprehensive course delves deep into five key pillars of electoral theory and practice, empowering participants with the knowledge and tools to navigate the complexities of voting and represe
