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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/material-behavior
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：材料行为 概述：您是否曾想过，为什么陶瓷硬而脆，而金属则倾向于具有延展性？一些材料为何能够导热或导电，而另一些则是绝缘体？为什么在铁中仅添加微量的碳，就能得到比基体金属强得多的合金？在本课程中，您将学习材料的性质是如何由材料的微观结构决定的，而微观结构又是由组成成分和材料经历的加工过程决定的。 本课程是Coursera上三个课程中的第一个，旨在与乔治亚理工学院工程专业本科生的材料科学导论课程相呼应。课程的目的在于帮助学生更好地理解周围世界中使用的工程材料。第一部分涵盖材料科学的基本概念，包括原子结构与结合、晶体结构、原子和微观缺陷，以及非晶态材料例如玻璃、橡胶和聚合物。 课程大纲： 1. **导言 [难度：简单 || 学生学习时间：1小时30分钟]** 介绍材料科学的核心原理，包括不同材料类型（如金属、陶瓷、聚合物等）及其相关属性；探索实验确定和量化材料性质的方法，以及材料工程师在简单应用中选择合适材料的思路；介绍微观结构-加工-性质关系的概念。 2. **原子结构与结合 [难度：简单 || 学生学习时间：2小时]** 讨论原子的结构及原子之间的相互作用，探讨这些相互作用如何影响材料性质。学习三种主要结合（金属结合、离子结合和共价结合）的区别，以及结合类型对材料微观结构的影响。 3. **晶体结构 [难度：中等 || 学生学习时间：2小时30分钟]** 讲解原子在晶体材料中的排列，晶体的基本“构建块”——布拉维格子，如何决定材料的一些物理属性；为后续讨论缺陷和扩散奠定理解基础。 4. **点缺陷与扩散 [难度：中等 || 学生学习时间：2小时30分钟]** 重点学习晶体材料的晶格结构如何决定材料的性质；探讨一维缺陷（如缺失原子的空位或过量原子的间隙溶质，以及在晶格点上的替代溶质）及其对材料性质的影响，讨论原子在晶体结构中的扩散。 5. **线性、平面和体积缺陷 [难度：中等 || 学生学习时间：2小时40分钟]** 介绍二维和三维的缺陷（如位错、晶界和析出物），并解释材料在微观层面如何容纳变形，以及缺陷的存在和性质如何影响材料强度。 6. **非晶态和半晶态材料 [难度：中等 || 学生学习时间：2小时30分钟]** 讨论不完全晶态的材料，如聚合物、橡胶和玻璃，学习非晶态如何影响这些材料的行为及其形成和性质的因素，包括无定形材料中的微观结构和缺陷，聚合物中的部分晶态，以及不同温度下材料的韧性和脆性行为的示范。
Name:Introduction [Difficulty: Easy || Student Effort: 1hr 30mins]
Description:This module will introduce the core principles of materials science. Topics that will be covered include the different general material types (metal, ceramic, polymer, etc.) and the properties associated with each type, some methods that are used to experimentally determine and quantify a material's properties, and how a materials engineer might go about choosing a suitable material for a simple application. This module also introduces the concept of the microstructure-processing-properties relationship which is at the heart of all materials science.
Name:Atomic Structure and Bonding [Difficulty: Easy || Student Effort: 2hrs]
Description:In this module, we will discuss the structure of the atom, how atoms interact with each other, and how those interactions affect material properties. We will explore how the types of atoms present in a material determine what kind of bonding occurs, what differentiates the three types of primary bonds - metallic, ionic, and covalent, and the implications of the type of bonding on the material microstructure. You will learn how atoms arrange themselves as a natural result of their size and bonding. This knowledge will provide you with a foundation for understanding the relationship between a material's microstructure and its properties.
Name:Crystalline Structure [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 30mins]
Description:This module covers how atoms are arranged in crystalline materials. Many of the materials that we deal with on a daily basis are crystalline, meaning that they are made up of a regularly repeating array of atoms. The "building block" of a crystal, which is called the Bravais lattice, dtermines some of the physical properties of a material. An understanding of these crystallographic principles will be vital to discussions of defects and diffusion, which are covered in the next module.
Name:Point Defects and Diffusion [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 30mins]
Description:In the previous module, we learned how the lattice structure of a crystalline material in part determines the properties of that material. In this module, we will begin to learn how defects - deviations from the expected microstructure - also have a large effect on properties. This module covers one-dimensional, or point, defects which can be missing atoms (vacancies) or excess atoms (interstitial solution) or the wrong type of atom at a lattice point (substitutional solution). Building on these concepts, part of this module will cover diffusion - the movement of atoms through the crystal structure.
Name:Linear, Planar, and Volumetric Defects [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 40mins]
Description:This module covers two- and three-dimensional defects such as dislocations, grain boundaries, and precipitates. The discussion extends to explain how deformation of a material is accommodated at the microscopic level. We will finish by addressing how the presence and properties of defects can increase or decrease the strength of a material.
Name:Noncrystalline and Semicrystalline Materials [Level of Difficulty: Medium || Student Effort: 2hrs 30mins]
Description:In this module, we discuss materials that are not fully crystalline, such as polymers, rubbers, and glasses. You will learn how the absence of crystallinity affects the behavior of these materials and what factors affect their formation and properties. Lessons include discussions of the microstructure and defects in amorphous materials, partial cystallinity in polymers, and demonstrations of materials exhibiting ductile and brittle behavior at different temperatures.
Have you ever wondered why ceramics are hard and brittle while metals tend to be ductile? Why some materials conduct heat or electricity while others are insulators? Why adding just a small amount of carbon to iron results in an alloy that is so much stronger than the base metal? In this course, you will learn how a material’s properties are determined by the microstructure of the material, which is in turn determined by composition and the processing that the material has undergone. This is the first of three Coursera courses that mirror the Introduction to Materials Science class that is taken by most engineering undergrads at Georgia Tech. The aim of the course is to help students better understand the engineering materials that are used in the world around them. This first section covers the fundamentals of materials science including atomic structure and bonding, crystal structure, atomic and microscopic defects, and noncrystalline materials such as glasses, rubbers, and polymers.
