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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/logical-fallacies
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：重新思考 IV：如何避免谬误 课程概述：我们在生活中几乎随处都能遇到谬误。政治家、推销员和儿童常常利用这些谬误来引导我们的思维，因此学习识别谬误非常重要，以免被误导。此外，了解谬误也有助于我们避免自己产生错误的论证。本课程将教你如何识别和避免许多导致人们误入歧途的谬误。 在本课程中，你将学习谬误的相关知识。谬误是那些存在一个或多个常见但可避免缺陷的论证，例如：模棱两可、循环论证、不明确等。了解谬误的本质，可以帮助你在日常生活中识别它们，以免受到误导，同时也能提高你的论证能力。 推荐阅读：对于想要更深入了解或练习这些话题的学生，建议参考沃尔特·西诺特-阿姆斯特朗与罗伯特·福耶林合著的《理解论证：非正式逻辑导论》第九版（简明版），第13-17章节。 课程形式：每周将包括多个视频片段，学生可以单独或分组观看。每个片段后会有简短的无分数测验以检查理解，课程结束时还会有较长的有分数测验。 课程大纲： 1. 欢迎来到课程 - 本模块介绍课程内容并引导学生熟悉课程结构，强调学习分析和评估论证的重要性。 2. 不明确的谬误 - 本模块讨论语言中的模糊和歧义现象，阐释这些现象如何导致谬误，并提供识别这些谬误的练习。 3. 相关性的谬误 - 介绍人们常犯的两种谬误：人身攻击和对权威的诉求，并教授如何区别这些谬误与正常有效论证的方法。 4. 空洞和循环的谬误 - 讲解那些论证在前提到结论之间未能有效推进的谬误，帮助学生识别和理解这些常见现象。 5. 反驳：各种方式及其陷阱 - 本模块教授反驳谬误论证的各种策略，并提供实用技巧，以帮助学生有效证明他人的论证是错误的。 6. 补习和最终测验 - 提供复习时间和机会，使学生能够反复进行最终测验，每次测验会有不同问题，并解释答案，促进学习。 此课程为希望提高批判性思维能力和论证技巧的学生提供必要的工具，帮助他们在各种场合作出更明智的判断。
Name:Welcome to the Course
Description:Welcome to Think Again: How to Avoid Fallacies! This course is the fourth in the specialization Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking, based on our original Coursera course titled Think Again: How to Reason and Argue. We are excited that you are taking this course, and we hope that you will take all four courses in the series, because there is a great deal of important material to learn. In the series as a whole, you learn how to analyze and evaluate arguments and how to avoid common mistakes in reasoning. These important skills will be useful to you in deciding what to believe and what to do in all areas of your life. We encounter fallacies almost everywhere we look. Politicians, salespeople, and children commonly use fallacies in order to get us to think what they want us to think. Think Again: How to Avoid Fallacies will show how to identify and avoid many of the fallacies that people use to get us to think the way they want us to think. The first part of this course introduces the series and the course. It also clarifies some peculiarities you may find with this course. We encourage you to watch the "Introduction to the Specialization" video first as it will help you learn more from the materials that come later.
Name:Fallacies of Unclarity
Description:In this module's material we will describes two phenomena that are both common and useful in the languages that human beings speak, but both of which give rise to the potential for fallacious reasoning. A word or phrase is vague when its meaning is not precise, and it is ambiguous when it has more than one meaning. When we use vague or ambiguous phrases in our reasoning, it is very easy for us to make a number of different kinds of fallacies. This module will teach you what these different kinds of fallacies are, and give us some practice in spotting them, so you can make sure to avoid them in the future. If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of the fallacies that result from vagueness or ambiguity, we recommend Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition, Chapters 13-14.
Name:Fallacies of Relevance
Description:This module describes two of the most common fallacies that people make: ad hominem fallacies and appeals to authority. Part of what makes these fallacies so common, and so difficult to avoid, is that many ad hominem arguments, and many appeals to authority, are actually not fallacies at all! Only some of them are. And figuring out which of them are fallacies is more of an art than a science. There is no simple recipe, but there are some rules of thumb you can use. We hope that the practice that you get in this module will help you to improve your skills at distinguish the fallacious from the non-fallacious instances of ad hominem reasoning, as well as appeal to authority. If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these topics, we recommend Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition, Chapter 15.
Name:Fallacies of Vacuity and Circularity
Description:Now we will describe another common set of fallacies: fallacies that occur when an argument makes no progress from its premises to its conclusion. Sometimes, arguments make no progress because the conclusion is already contained in the premises. Sometimes, arguments make no progress because the conclusion is presupposed by the premises. And sometimes, arguments make no progress because the premises don’t make any claim at all, even if they might sound like they do. When you know how to identify such fallacies, you will find that they are more common than you think! If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these topics, we recommend Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition, Chapter 16.
Name:Refutation: Its Varieties and PItfalls
Description:This module we will teach you various strategies for refuting a fallacious argument. To refute an argument is to show that the argument is unsuccessful. Even if you are able to identify a fallacious argument as a fallacy, you might still not be able to prove to others that it is a fallacy. In this module, you will learn a variety of techniques for proving to others that the argument is a fallacy. If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these topics, we recommend Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition, Chapter 17.
Name:Catch-Up and Final Quiz
Description:This module gives you time to catch up and review, because we realize that the previous modules include a great deal of challenging material. It will also be provide enough time to take the final quiz as often as you want, with different questions each time. We explain the answers in each exam so that you can learn more and do better when you try the exam again. You may take the quiz as many times as you want in order to learn more and do better, with different questions each time. You will be able to retake the quiz three times every eight hours. You might not need to take more than one version of the exam if you do well enough on your first try. That is up to you. However many versions you take, we hope that all of the exams will provide additional learning experiences.
We encounter fallacies almost everywhere we look. Politicians, salespeople, and children commonly use fallacies in order to get you to think whatever they want you to think. It’s important to learn to recognize fallacies so that you can avoid being fooled by them. It’s also important to learn about fallacies so that you avoid making fallacious arguments yourself. This course will show you how to identify and avoid many of the fallacies that lead people astray. In this course, you will learn about fallacies. Fallacies are arguments that suffer from one or more common but avoidable defects: equivocation, circularity, vagueness, etc. It’s important to learn about fallacies so that you can recognize them when you see them, and not be fooled by them. It’s also important to learn about fallacies so that you avoid making fallacious arguments yourself. Suggested Readings Students who want more detailed explanations or additional exercises or who want to explore these topics in more depth should consult Understanding Arguments: An Introduction to Informal Logic, Ninth Edition, Concise, Chapters 13-17, by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Robert Fogelin. Course Format Each week will be divided into multiple video segments that can be viewed separately or in groups. There will be short ungraded quizzes after each segment (to check comprehension) and a longer graded quiz at the end of the course.
