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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/inductive-reasoning
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：再思考 III：如何进行归纳推理 概述：想解决一起谋杀之谜吗？是什么导致您的电脑故障？在日常生活中谁可以信任？在本课程中，您将学习如何分析和评估五种常见的归纳论证形式：样本的概括、概括的特定应用、最佳解释的推理、类比论证和因果推理。课程最后将展示如何利用概率来帮助您做出各种决策。 课程格式： 每周将分为多个视频片段，可以单独观看或分组观看。每个片段后会有简短的无评分测验（以检查理解情况），课程结束时还有较长的有评分测验。 课程大纲： 1. 课程介绍：欢迎来到“再思考：如何进行归纳推理”！本课程是逻辑与批判性思维导论专业的第三部分，旨在帮助您分析和评估论证，避免常见的推理错误。 2. 归纳论证：该模块区分归纳论证与演绎论证，讨论四种常见的归纳论证形式，包括样本从概括、概括到特定案例的应用、最佳解释的推理和类比论证，以及在这些推理中常见的错误。 3. 因果推理：本模块将集中讨论如何决定因果关系。学生将学习区分必要条件与充分条件，如何使用数据测试假设，以及如何避免后效谬误。 4. 概率与选择：本模块将探讨概率与决策。您将了解概率的性质和计算规则，并学习如何评估决策的期望财务价值与整体价值之间的差异。 5. 复习与期末测验：该模块将提供复习时间，并允许您多次参加期末测验，帮助您巩固所学知识。 推荐阅读： 对于希望深入学习和练习的学生，建议参考《理解论证：非正式逻辑导论》第九版，简明版的第8到12章，作者为Walter Sinnott-Armstrong和Robert Fogelin。
Name:Welcome to the Course
Description:Welcome to Think Again: How to Reason Inductively! This course is the third in the specialization Introduction to Logic and Critical Thinking, based on our original Coursera course titled Think Again: How to Reason and Argue. We are excited that you are taking this course, and we hope that you will take all four courses in the series, because there is a great deal of important material to learn. In the series as a whole, you learn how to analyze and evaluate arguments and how to avoid common mistakes in reasoning. These important skills will be useful to you in deciding what to believe and what to do in all areas of your life. The first part of this course introduces the series and the course. It also clarifies some peculiarities you may find with this course. We encourage you to watch the "Introduction to the Specialization" video first as it will help you learn more from the materials that come later.
Name:Inductive Arguments
Description:This module begins by distinguishing inductive arguments from deductive arguments. Then we discuss four common forms of inductive argument: generalizations from samples (such as in political polls), applications of generalizations to particular cases (such as in predicting weather on a certain day), inferences to the best explanation (such as in using evidence to determine who committed a crime), and arguments from analogy (such as in identifying the use of one archaeological artifact by comparing it to other artifacts). We will expose the most common mistakes in these kinds of reasoning. Some of the "lectures" this module are a bit experimental (and perhaps weird!), as you will see. We hope that you enjoy them. If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these kinds of inductive arguments, we recommend Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition, Chapters 8 and 9.
Name:Causal Reasoning
Description:This module will focus on how to decide what causes what. Students will learn how to distinguish necessary conditions from sufficient conditions and how to use data to test hypotheses about what is and what is not a necessary condition or a sufficient condition. Then we will distinguish causation from correlation (or concomitant variation) and explain the fallacy of post hoc ergo propter hoc. It is sad that some diners had to die to make this lesson possible, as you will see.If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these topics, we recommend Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition, Chapter 10.
Name:Chance and Choice
Description:This module will cover chance and choice—in other words, probability and decision making. Probability is useful for measuring the strength of inductive arguments and also for deciding what to believe and what to do. You will learn about the nature and kinds of probability along with four simple rules for calculating probabilities. An optional honors lecture will then explain Bayes’ theorem and the common mistake of overlooking the base rate. Next we will use probabilities to evaluate decisions by figuring their expected financial value and contrasting financial value with overall value. If you want more examples or more detailed discussions of these topics, we recommend Understanding Arguments, Ninth Edition, Chapters 11 and 12
Name:Catch-Up and Final Quiz
Description:This module gives you time to catch up and review, because we realize that the previous modules include a great deal of challenging material. It will also be provide enough time to take the final quiz as often as you want, with different questions each time. We explain the answers in each exam so that you can learn more and do better when you try the exam again. You may take the quiz as many times as you want in order to learn more and do better, with different questions each time. You will be able to retake the quiz three times every eight hours. You might not need to take more than one version of the exam if you do well enough on your first try. That is up to you. However many versions you take, we hope that all of the exams will provide additional learning experiences.
Want to solve a murder mystery? What caused your computer to fail? Who can you trust in your everyday life? In this course, you will learn how to analyze and assess five common forms of inductive arguments: generalizations from samples, applications of generalizations, inference to the best explanation, arguments from analogy, and causal reasoning. The course closes by showing how you can use probability to help make decisions of all sorts. Suggested Readings Students who want more detailed explanations or additional exercises or who want to explore these topics in more depth should consult Understanding Arguments: An Introduction to Informal Logic, Ninth Edition, Concise, Chapters 8-12, by Walter Sinnott-Armstrong and Robert Fogelin. Course Format Each week will be divided into multiple video segments that can be viewed separately or in groups. There will be short ungraded quizzes after each segment (to check comprehension) and a longer graded quiz at the end of the course.
