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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/gis-1
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课程名称：地理信息系统 - 第1部分 课程概述：本课程分为两个部分，介绍地理信息系统（GIS）的理论和实践基础。整个课程为GIS的入门课程，无需任何先前知识。通过学习此课程，您将快速掌握创建空间数据库和制作高质量地图与制图表示所需的基本知识。课程以实际操作为主，基于免费的开源软件QGIS。如果您在土地管理、地理分布对象分析（如土地利用规划、生物学、公共卫生、生态学或能源）等领域学习或工作，那么该课程非常适合您！ 在课程的第一部分中，我们将重点讨论地理数据的数字化和存储。具体而言，您将学习： - 如何表征空间对象和/或现象（区域建模），考虑它们在空间中的位置（通过坐标系统、投影和空间关系）以及它们的内在特性（对象/矢量模式与图像/栅格模式的区别）； - 获取空间数据的不同方法，包括直接测量、地理参考图像、数字化、现有数据源等； - 地理数据存储的不同方式，特别是文件和关系数据库； - 使用数据建模工具描述和创建空间数据库的方法； - 如何使用SQL（一种常见的数据操作语言）进行数据查询和分析。 课程的第二部分将重点讨论空间分析方法和地理数据表示。在这一部分，您将学习： - 如何描述和量化离散变量的空间属性，例如通过空间自相关； - 如何处理连续变量，特别是采样策略、构建等高线和等值线以及探讨不同的插值方法； - 使用数字高程模型并创建其衍生产品（如坡度、方向）； - 评估不同类型的地理数据之间的交互作用，通过叠加和交互技术； - 如何创建有效的地图，遵循图形符号学原则； - 最后，探索交互式网页地图和三维表示等日益普遍的空间表示形式。 课程参与者可以在我们的Facebook页面找到互动论坛：https://www.facebook.com/moocsig 课程大纲： 1. 数字化 - 区域建模：空间元素及其特征 2. 数字化 - 地理数据捕获与文档 3. 数字化 - 自动捕获与现有地理数据的使用 4. 存储 - 地理数据结构与组织 5. 存储 - SQL数据管理 6. 存储 - 空间SQL与NoSQL数据库 本课程为初学者提供了一个扎实的基础，帮助您在地理信息系统领域取得进展。
Name:Digitization – Territorial Modeling: Spatial elements and the characteristics
Description:This first week deals with the first step in digitizing terrain, namely territorial modeling. In this week, we will consider factors such as the scale and theme of interest in order to determine which objects or spatial phenomena should included in the model, and we will also see how the geographic positioning and intrinsic nature (e.g. raster or vector) of these elements factors into how they are characterized in a terrain model.
Name:Digitization - Geodata Capture and Documentation
Description:Digital data acquisition involves various techniques including the direct measurement of primary data, the semi-automated vectorization and digitization of spatial objects, or the georeferencing of digital images. In this week’s module we will begin with a lesson on metadata in which we will discuss the processes and rules for documenting a dataset, which are essential for data sustainability, and we will also introduce a case study on participatory GIS in Senegal and Seychelles.
Name:Digitization - Automated Capture and Use of Existing Geodata
Description:In this week we will continue to build on the topic introduced last week with automatic vectorization, and we will also review a non-exhaustive list of some important pre-existent data sources that are available for you to access. We will finish with a case study of a Senegal-Mauritania biodiversity project before you will test your knowledge in the first quiz of the module.
Name:Storage - Geodata Structure and Organization
Description:In this 4th week, which marks the beginning of the second module of the course devoted to data storage, we begin by reviewing the fundamental aspects of geodata storage and the most common data formats, before tackling the theme of relational databases and data modeling. The week concludes with a lesson on creating databases in the QGIS environment and a case study on the role of GIS in a transport and urban planning project in Senegal.
Name:Storage - Data Management with SQL
Description:The SQL language is the preferred vector for access to relational databases, and can be used to search for data meeting certain criteria (conditional queries), to aggregate and calculate statistics on subsets of data (aggregation queries), to combine the results of several queries (nesting and merging), to edit and modify data, or even to manipulate data structure (DDL, DML).
Name:Storage - Spatial SQL and NoSQL Databases
Description:While the previous week's lessons dealt with various general aspects of the SQL language, in this week we will learn about SQL queries specifically related to the spatial dimensions and the relationships that characterize geodata (geometric and topological spatial queries). We will also present a brief introduction into the rapidly expanding field of noSQL databases and finish the lesson portion of this module with a case study devoted to bushfire management in sub-Saharan Africa. Finally, this first MOOC on an introduction to geographic information systems will conclude with a second quiz to test your knowledge.
This course is organized into two parts presenting the theoretical and practical foundations of geographic information systems (GIS). - Together theses courses constitute an introduction to GIS and require no prior knowledge. - By following this introduction to GIS you will quickly acquire the basic knowledge required to create spatial databases and produce high-quality maps and cartographic representations. - This is a practical course and is based on free, open-source software, including QGIS. If you study or work in the fields of land management or the analysis of geographically distributed objects such as land use planning, biology, public health, ecology, or energy, then this course is for you! In this first part of the course, we will focus on the digitization and the storage of geodata. In particular, you will learn: - To characterize spatial objects and/or phenomena (territory modeling) with respect to their position in space (through coordinate systems, projections, and spatial relationships) and according to their intrinsic nature (object/vector mode vs. Image/raster mode); - About the different means used to acquire spatial data; including direct measurement, georeferencing images, digitization, existing data source, etc.); - About the different ways in which geodata can be stored - notably, files and relational databases; - How to use data modeling tools to describe and create a spatial database; - To query and analyze data using SQL, a common data manipulation language. The second part of this course will focus on methods of spatial analysis and geodata representation. In this section, you will learn: - How to describe and quantify the spatial properties of discrete variables, for example through spatial autocorrelation; - To work with continuous variables. In particular, we will look at sampling strategies, how to construct contour lines and isovalue curves, and we will explore different interpolation methods; - To use digital elevation models and create their derivative products (i.e. slope, orientation); - How to evaluate the interaction between different types of geodata through overlay and interaction techniques; - How to create effective maps based around the rules of graphic semiology; - Finally, we will also explore other, increasingly common, forms of spatial representation such as interactive web-mapping and 3D representations. You can find an interactive forum for course participants on our Facebook page: https://www.facebook.com/moocsig
