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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/fundamentals-particle-accelerator-technology
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课程名称：粒子加速器技术基础（NPAP MOOC） 课程概述：您知道粒子加速器在当今社会中扮演着重要角色吗？全球有超过30,000台加速器在运作，其中放射治疗加速器是最大的应用，数量超过11,000台。这些加速器的规模各异，从仅约1米的小型电子直线加速器到周长超过50米的大型碳离子同步加速器及其重达600吨的旋转碳离子波道。全球还不断增加同步辐射光源，这些光源通过将电子加速至接近光速产生的光，可以揭示材料的分子结构，并进行物体内部结构的X射线成像。同步辐射光源在生命科学、材料科学和化学领域非常重要。另一种加速器则用于裂变源，例如瑞典的欧洲裂变源，那里质子被加速到极大能量并与钨盘发生碰撞，产生中子用于探测物体的内部结构和材料的原子结构。最后，还有许多加速器用于基础物理研究，如 CERN 的大型强子对撞机。 本课程将带您了解粒子加速器中使用的技术：微波系统产生加速粒子的电磁波；磁铁技术用于引导和聚焦粒子束；监测系统用于检测粒子束的质量；以及创建超高真空以防止加速粒子与分子和原子碰撞的真空系统。很令人兴奋吧！ 课程通过测验进行评分，每个模块有一个测验。课程中还有多项训练测验供您支持。课程分为四个模块：射频系统、磁铁技术、束流诊断和真空技术。总共包含48节讲座，每节时长2-4分钟，部分讲座后附有补充信息文本，期望能为您带来激动人心的学习体验。 课程大纲： 1. 射频系统：介绍粒子加速器的射频系统，描述如何生成和引导电磁波以及加速粒子的原理。 2. 加速器的磁铁技术：介绍各种类型的磁铁（如偶极子、四极子、六极子和八极子）及其设计理念。 3. 束流诊断：讲解如何测量和监测加速器中的束流参数，包括束流强度、位置、横向分布和能量分布等。 4. 真空技术基础：介绍真空物理和技术的基本概念，以及如何选择合适的真空生成和测量设备。 完成课程后，您将成功掌握粒子加速器技术的基础，理解真空系统中的残余气体行为，并能够确定加速器系统的真空标准和选择合适的设备。
Name:RF-systems
Description:This module is an introduction to the RF systems of particle accelerators. RF stand for radio frequency and indicates that the systems deal with electromagnetic waves with frequencies that are common for radio systems. The RF system generates electromagnetic waves and guides them down to cavities. The cavities are located along the beam pipe such that the particles pass through the cavities when they travel along the accelerator. When the waves enter the cavity they create as standing wave inside the cavity. it is the electric field of this standing wave that accelerates the particles. In the module we describe the amplifier, which generates and amplifies the electromagnetic waves. We describe different types of waveguides which transport the waves from the amplifier to the cavity. We also describe the most common types of cavities. Most of the system is described without equations but in the texts following the lectures you will find some of the theory for the RF-system.
Name:Magnet technology for accelerators
Description:This module is about the types of magnets that are used in particle accelerators. It introduces dipole magnets, quadrupole magnets, sextupole magnets and octupole magnets, and describe where these are needed and how they are designed. In the most common types of magnets, the magnetic field are produced by currents running in normal conducting wires. When large magnetic fields are required one use superconducting magnets and the module describe how these are designed. There are also cases when quite weakl magnetic fields are required and then one can use permanent magnets. This a green alternative since they have zero power consumption. The permanent magnets are also covered in this module.
Name:Beam Diagnostics
Description:In this module we describe how we can measure and monitor various beam parameters in a particle accelerator. We introduce a few examples of common instruments for each specific parameter, starting with beam intensity and beam position, followed by transverse distribution and beam emittance. We also present ways to monitor the longitudinal and the energy distribution. The last section describe how we can determine the amount of particles that the beam loose as it travels through the accelerator.
Name:Basics of Vacuum techniques
Description:This module gives an introduction to basic concepts of vacuum physics and techniques in accelerators. Vacuum regions and the behavior of residual gas in these regions are described. Important phenomena, such as velocity distribution, average collision distance and molecular formation are explained by Maxwell-Boltzmann theory. These phenomena are used to determine vacuum criteria for accelerator systems. Basic concepts of vacuum pumps will be described, and different types of vacuum equipment will be presented. The objective is that the students would understand the behavior of residual gas in Vacuum systems. They should be able to determine Vacuum criteria for a given system. They should also be able to choose proper equipment for Vacuum generation and measurement.
Name:You have now successfully finalized the course!
Description:
Did you know that particle accelerators play an important role in many functions of todays society and that there are over 30 000 accelerators in operation worldwide? A few examples are accelerators for radiotherapy which are the largest application of accelerators, altogether with more than 11000 accelerators worldwide. These accelerators range from very compact electron linear accelerators with a length of only about 1 m to large carbon ion synchrotrons with a circumference of more than 50 m and a huge rotating carbon ion gantry with a weight of 600 tons! There are also a growing number of synchrotron light sources in the world. The light in these sources are created by electrons that are accelerated to almost the speed of light. This light can reveal the molecular structures of materials and also take x-ray pictures of the inner structure of objects. Synchrotron light sources are very important in life sciences, material sciences and chemistry. Another type of accelerators are used in spallation sources, like the European Spallation Source in Lund, Sweden. Here protons are accelerated to very large energies. They produce neutrons when they are smashed into a disc of tungsten. These neutrons are used for finding the inner structure of objects and atomic structures of materials. Finally there are many accelerators for basic physics, like the large hadron collider in Cern. This course takes you on a journey through the technologies used in particle accelerators: The microwave system which produce the electromagnetic waves that accelerate particles; The magnet technology for the magnets that guide and focus the beam of particles; The monitoring systems that determine the quality of the beam of particles; Finally the vacuum systems that create ultra high vacuum so that the accelerated particles do not collide with molecules and atoms. Exciting right! The course is graded through quizzes, one for each of the four modules. Throughout the course there are also a number of training quizzes to offer you support. The four modules in the course are: RF-systems, Magnet technology, Beam diagnostics, and Vacuum techniques. In total there are 48 lectures, where each lecture is a 2-4 minutes long video presentation. Some of the lectures are followed by short texts with complementary information and all will hopefully be an exciting collection for you to engage with. Have fun!
