The French Revolution

所在平台: Coursera

课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/french-revolution

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课程简介

课程名称：法国大革命 课程概述：法国大革命是世界历史上最重要的动荡之一。本课程将探讨其起源、经过和结果。课程旨在让学员自主学习，但您并不孤单。请利用课程提供的资源并参与建议的学习活动，以最大限度地提高学习效果。为了成功完成本课程，建议您每周至少投入六个小时，观看视频讲座，反思并回应视频暂停时的提问，以及完成测验。 作为课程的必读材料，在每周课程中，您将免费获得Peter McPhee的《法国大革命》一书的章节访问权限，该书也可以作为电子书购买。 课程大纲： 第1周 - 1780年代的法国：介绍法国大革命，考察旧制度的社会和制度结构，主要职业群体及第一、第二等级（神职和贵族）的角色，以及巴黎与地方的关系，并探讨启蒙运动的重要性及其可能的革命影响。 第2周 - 1789年的革命：探讨1789年革命及其原因，分析导致旧制度危机的紧张局势和冲突，重点关注第三等级及中产阶级、平民和农民的反抗，审视《人权宣言》的“普世”意义。 第3周 - 1789-1792年的法国重建：分析1789-91年间的改革，探讨法国的制度与行政重组，评价革命的三大转折点：教士公民宪法、国王的逃亡尝试及1792年的战争爆发，反思这些事件的直接影响和长期后果。 第4周 - 共和国危机（1792-1793）：考察1792-93年间国民大会内部的冲突和分裂，分析革命与反革命力量的平衡，探讨西法国温德地区的内战及逐渐增强的革命暴力，研究“恐怖”的起源及其意识形态。 第5周 - 结束恐怖与革命：分析“恐怖”时期的意识形态和文化，考察雅各宾派和无裤党联盟，探讨革命暴力增强的原因，并讨论其是否是对反革命威胁的适当应对，评估罗伯斯庇尔被推翻及“热月反应”的结束。 第6周 - 变革与延续：革命的革命性：反思革命的广泛意义，研究拿破仑·波拿巴及1814-15年恢复君主制的过程，探讨革命对女性和奴隶生活的影响，讨论革命的全球意义，并审视革命在法国公民生活中的影响。 本课程将使用视频讲座、反思讨论与测验等多种学习方式，帮助学员深入理解法国大革命的复杂性及其历史影响。

课程大纲

Name:Week 1 - France in the 1780s

Description:We begin this course with an introduction to the French Revolution. We will examine the social and institutional structures of the Old Regime. We will look at the main occupational groups and the roles of the First and Second estates (the clergy and nobility) in particular. We will also consider the relationship between Paris and the provinces in Old Regime France. Finally, you will be introduced to the Enlightenment and we will reflect on its significance and its possible revolutionary implications.

Name:Week 2 - The Revolution of 1789

Description:This week we look at the Revolution of 1789 and its causes. We will explore the tensions and conflicts that led to the crisis of the Old Regime. The focus will be on the Third Estate and the revolt of the bourgeoisie, the 'menu peuple' and the peasantry. We will look at the Declaration of the Rights of Man and citizen and you will be asked to reflect on its 'universal' significance.

Name:Week 3 - The Reconstruction of France, 1789-92

Description:Week three of this MOOC deals with the reforms introduced in 1789-91. We look at the institutional and administrative reorganisation of France. We will then consider three critical turning points of the Revolution: the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, the King's attempted flight in 1791 and the outbreak of war in 1792. Finally we will look at the fate of the King and the ultimate failure of the monarchy. You will be asked to reflect on the immediate effects and longer-term consequences of these events.

Name:Week 4 - The Republic in crisis 1792-93

Description:Week four deals with the crisis of the Republic in 1792-93. We will examine the conflicts and disunity within the National Convention and consider the balance between revolutionary and counter-revolutionary forces by mid-1793. We will explore the civil war in the Vendee region of Western France and attempt to make sense of the growing revolutionary violence. We will look at the origins of the 'Terror', its institutions and its ideology, and students will be asked to reflect more broadly on the role of violence during the Revolution.

Name:Week 5 - Ending the Terror and Ending the Revolution

Description:This week we look at the ideology and culture of the 'Terror' and the nature of the Jacobin and sans-culottes alliance. We will consider possible explanations for the increasing intensity of revolutionary violence and ask whether such violence was a proportionate, emergency response to the growing counter-revolutionary threat. This module also deals with the end of the 'Terror', and the overthrow of Robespierre and the ensuing 'Thermidorian reaction'. Finally we look at the 'settlement' of 1795 and ask whether the Revolution was indeed over.

Name:Week 6 - Change and continuity: How revolutionary was the Revolution?

Description:This final week of the course offers you the opportunity to reflect broadly on the significance of the Revolution. We begin by looking at Napoleon Bonaparte and the Restoration of the monarchy in 1814-15. We then consider the ways in which the revolutionary experience affected the lives of women and slaves. We will discuss the Revolution's global implications and ask whether or not 1789 can be understood more broadly, as part of an international 'Age of Revolution'. Finally we explore the 'minimalist' and 'maximalist' approaches to the significance of the Revolution and you will be asked to reflect on the impact of the Revolution on the lives of French citizens.

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