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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/evidence-based-toxicology
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课程名称：基于证据的毒理学 课程概述：欢迎参加基于证据的毒理学（EBT）课程。在医学和医疗保健领域，基于证据的医学革新了信息评估的透明度和客观性。在过去的十年中，北美和欧洲出现了一场将这一革命转化为毒理学领域的运动。约翰·霍普金斯大学布隆伯格公共卫生学院的替代动物测试中心（CAAT）设有EBT的首个主席和跨大西洋EBT合作的秘书处。EBT合作旨在促进新毒性测试的质量保证流程，以评估人类和环境的安全性。 在过去五十年中，监管安全科学几乎没有发生显著变化，而我们在生命科学方面的知识每七年加倍一次。系统评价等基于证据的方法正逐渐被环境保护局（EPA）、欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）和美国国家毒理学计划等监管机构采纳，提供透明、客观和一致的工具，用于识别、选择、评估和提取研究证据。该课程将展示这些新兴努力，并讨论在毒理学中扩展使用这些工具的机会与挑战。 课程大纲： 1. **引言与当前方法的缺陷**：介绍课程，概述当前毒性测试方法的缺陷，以及EBT如何帮助克服这些缺陷。 2. **历史与因果关系**：解释基于证据的毒理学的起源和推动因素，学习区分相关性与因果关系，介绍Bradford Hill标准及其示例，了解机械毒理学及机械验证。 3. **系统评价与荟萃分析**：学习如何进行系统评价和荟萃分析，了解这两种方法的历史，并通过老师的研究活动实例获得逐步指南。 4. **偏倚风险与测试方法比较的应用**：介绍研究不同阶段可能引入的偏倚及其解决方案，通过EBT合作的斑马鱼胚胎毒性测试的系统评价案例研究，巩固第三模块的知识。 5. **质量保证、良好实践与验证**：强调质量控制在现代毒理学及生命科学中的重要性，学习如何进行实验质量控制及验证替代方法所需的标准化协议和策略。 6. **生物统计工具与未来展望**：介绍与基于证据的毒理学相关的生物信息学知识，学习应用生物统计工具分析方法的预测性、特异性和灵敏性，探讨如何克服科学中的可复现性危机。 7. **总结评估 - 系统评价作业**：课程最后一周专注于完成系统评价作业，使用SysRev审查至少20篇摘要，应用纳入和排除标准，并与其他审稿人解决冲突。 通过该课程，学员将深刻理解基于证据的毒理学的重要性及其在当今科学研究中的应用潜力。
Name:Introduction & Shortcomings of Current Approaches
Description: This module introduces you to the course, outlines the shortcomings of current toxicity testing approaches, and shows how EBT can help to overcome these shortcomings.
Name:History and Causation
Description:This module explains how evidence-based toxicology originated and describes the driving forces for the initiative. In the second lesson, you will learn how to distinguish between correlation and causation as well as the main problems with drawing conclusions on the basis of correlations. The Bradford Hill criteria are introduced, along with examples for each criterion. You will also learn about mechanistic toxicology and mechanistic validation.
Name:Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Description:This module shows how to perform systematic reviews and meta-analyses. You will learn the history of both methods and will receive step-by-step instructions on how to perform systematic reviews and meta-analyses using examples from the research activities of the instructors.
Name:Risk of Bias & Application to Test Methods Comparison
Description:This module teaches you about possible biases that can be introduced at different stages of research. Each bias is explained with examples, including solutions for overcoming those biases. The second lesson covers systematic review of the zebrafish embryotoxicity test as a case study conducted by the Evidence-based Toxicology Collaboration (EBTC). You will go through all of the steps of the systematic review again to imprint the knowledge from module 3, but this systematic review will be related to a toxicological method.
Name:Quality Assurance, Good Practices, and Validation
Description:Quality control is a very important aspect of not only modern toxicology but the entirety of life sciences. The first lesson in this module demonstrates the importance of performing quality control on your experiments. The second lesson is connected with the first one because validation of an alternative method requires highly standardized protocols and quality control at each step. This lesson teaches you different aspects of alternatives methods validation, how to perform classical validation, its pitfalls, and strategies to overcome them.
Name:Biometrical Tools & Future Perspectives
Description:Evidence-based toxicology requires some knowledge of bioinformatics. The first lesson in the module teaches you some biostatistical tools you can apply when analyzing predectivity, specificity, and sensitivity of a method. You will also learn how to identify biases in a study with the help of bioinformatics. Evidence-based principles can be applied to every question you might have, even to which pizza to order tonight. You will learn the difference between eminence-based vs. evidence-based approaches. You will learn what is driving the lack of reproducibility and how evidence-based approaches should help to overcome the reproducibility crisis in science, which is explained with examples of experimental design, wrong models, poor quality of the cell cultures, etc.
Name:Summative Assessment - Systematic Review Assignment
Description:The final week of the course is devoted to completing the Systematic Review Assignment. You will use SysRev to review at least 20 abstracts, apply inclusion and exclusion criteria, render decisions, and resolve conflicts with other reviewers.
Welcome to the Evidence-based Toxicology (EBT) course. In medicine and healthcare, evidence-based medicine has revolutionized the way that information is evaluated transparently and objectively. Over the past ten years, a movement in North America and Europe has attempted to translate this revolution to the field of toxicology. The Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT) within the department of Environmental Health and Engineering at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health hosts the first chair for EBT and the secretariat for the EBT Collaboration on both sides of the Atlantic. Based on the Cochrane Collaboration in Evidence-based Medicine, the EBT Collaboration was established at the CAAT to foster the development of a process for quality assurance of new toxicity tests for the assessment of safety in humans and the environment. Regulatory safety sciences have undergone remarkably little change in the past fifty years. At the same time, our knowledge in the life sciences is doubling about every seven years. Systematic review and related evidence-based approaches are beginning to be adapted by regulatory agencies like the Environment Protection Agency (EPA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), and the US National Toxicology Program. They provide transparent, objective, and consistent tools to identify, select, appraise, and extract evidence across studies. This course will showcase these emerging efforts and address opportunities and challenges to the expanded use of these tools within toxicology.
