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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/epigenetics
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课程名称：基因表达的表观遗传调控 课程概述：人类基因组序列的解读改变了我们对人类生物学的理解，但不仅仅是DNA的序列重要，如何使用这些序列同样关键。哪些基因被激活，哪些基因被沉默，又是如何控制的？答案就是表观遗传学。过去十年，表观遗传学已成为研究的热点，因为显然异常的表观遗传控制与疾病（特别是癌症）相关联。表观遗传的改变在细胞分裂中可遗传，并在某些情况下能表现得类似突变，重要的是，与遗传突变不同，表观遗传修饰是可逆的，因此有治疗干预的潜力。近年来，表观遗传修饰对环境（例如饮食）的敏感性也引发了大量公众辩论和研究。 本课程将介绍表观遗传控制的基本原理，考察多个生物体中的表观遗传现象，特别关注哺乳动物。我们将探讨表观遗传控制与环境之间的相互作用，以及异常表观遗传控制在疾病中的角色。 课程内容涵盖所有必要的信息，讲座中将提供推荐和必读的文献，而无需额外的教科书，感兴趣者可以参考以下教材。 《表观遗传学》，Allis，Jenuwein，Reinberg和Caparros著，Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press。ISBN-13：978-0879697242 | 第1版 课程将于2022年重新开放。 课程大纲： - 第一周 - 表观遗传控制简介：定义表观遗传控制及其在正常发育中的重要性，介绍染色质及其成分如何影响基因表达，并讨论最具代表性的表观遗传修饰——DNA甲基化。 - 第二周 - 表观遗传修饰与细胞核组织：讨论基因表达的分子机制，包括DNA如何在局部包装，以及染色质在细胞核中的定位。 - 第三周 - 剂量补偿：以X染色体失活为模型，深入了解这一稳定的表观遗传过程，并简要讨论其他生物中的替代机制。 - 第四周 - 基因组印记和表观遗传重编程：学习发育过程中的两个重要时期以及印记基因的机制。 - 第五周 - 环境对表观遗传控制的影响：探讨人类表观遗传学中的主要领域，包括环境对表观基因组的影响。 - 第六周 - 环境对表观遗传控制的影响机制及其在配子中的跨代遗传：通过模型生物学习表观遗传学在跨代遗传中的研究进展。 - 第七周 - 癌症表观遗传学：整合以往学习的内容，理解表观基因组如何影响癌症的发展并讨论其潜在的治疗应用。
Name:Week 1 - Introduction to Epigenetic Control
Description:An introduction to and definition of epigenetic control of gene expression, and its importance in normal development. We will learn what chromatin is, and how its composition and packaging can alter gene expression. We’ll also discuss the best-characterised epigenetic modification, DNA methylation, and how it is not only implicated in regulating gene expression, but also in maintaining genome stability.
Name:Week 2 - Epigenetic Modifications and Organisation of the Nucleus
Description:We’ll discuss the molecular mechanisms for regulating gene expression in some detail, from how the DNA is packaged at a local level, right up to how the chromatin is positioned within the nucleus. We’ll learn about the chromatin modifications implicated in gene silencing and activation, the role of non-coding RNA, and higher order chromatin structures. This week will provide you with a good understanding of the basic mechanisms that will help you understand the processes we discuss throughout the rest of the course.
Name:Week 3 - Dosage Compensation
Description:X chromosome inactivation is a really well-characterised epigenetic process that is now used as a model system to study epigenetic processes that are relevant more broadly. This is because it uses many epigenetic mechanisms, at many levels, to achieve really stable silencing of a whole chromosome. We’ll learn about this process and how it occurs in a mouse in great detail, which will greatly add to the mechanistic understanding gained in week two. We will then briefly discuss alternate mechanisms for dosage compensation that occur in other organisms.
Name:Week 4 - Genomic Imprinting and Epigenetic Reprogramming
Description:We’ll learn about the two important periods during development for the erasure and resetting of the epigenome. There are two well-characterised features that are treated differently during epigenetic reprogramming; imprinted genes and repeats. We’ll learn about mechanisms for genomic imprinting, and study three examples in more depth.
Name:Week 5 - The Influence of the Environment on Epigenetic Control
Description:We start to look at some of the big areas of interest in human epigenetics, including environmental influence on the epigenome, reprogramming of somatic cells back to stem cells, cloning, and potential transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. We’ll discuss what is known to happen to the epigenome during these process, and look at some seminal case studies.
Name:Week 6 - Mechanisms of Environmental Influence on Epigenetic Control and Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance Through the Gametes
Description:A look at the mechanisms underlying some of the observations we discussed in week 5, through the study of model organisms. We’ll learn about metastable epialleles, which have allowed the study of transgenerational epigenetics in mice, and provided some evidence for transgenerational epigenetics in mammals.
Name:Week 7 - Cancer Epigenetics
Description:This week we’ll bring together much of what we’ve learned in previous weeks of the course, to understand how the epigenome is affected, and can also affect, cancer development and progression. We’ll then go on to discuss the potential therapeutic benefits that can come from using epigenetic biomarkers, and targeting epigenetic modifiers in cancer.
While the human genome sequence has transformed our understanding of human biology, it isn’t just the sequence of your DNA that matters, but also how you use it! How are some genes activated and others are silenced? How is this controlled? The answer is epigenetics. Epigenetics has been a hot topic for research over the past decade as it has become clear that aberrant epigenetic control contributes to disease (particularly to cancer). Epigenetic alterations are heritable through cell division, and in some instances are able to behave similarly to mutations in terms of their stability. Importantly, unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications are reversible and therefore have the potential to be manipulated therapeutically. It has also become clear in recent years that epigenetic modifications are sensitive to the environment (for example diet), which has sparked a large amount of public debate and research. This course will give an introduction to the fundamentals of epigenetic control. We will examine epigenetic phenomena that are manifestations of epigenetic control in several organisms, with a focus on mammals. We will examine the interplay between epigenetic control and the environment and finally the role of aberrant epigenetic control in disease. All necessary information will be covered in the lectures, and recommended and required readings will be provided. There are no additional required texts for this course. For those interested, additional information can be obtained in the following textbook. Epigenetics. Allis, Jenuwein, Reinberg and Caparros. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Press. ISBN-13: 978-0879697242 | Edition: 1 The course will re-open in 2022.
