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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/community-public-health
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：公共卫生中的社区变革 课程概述：在公共卫生中推动行为改变时，我们通常专注于个体，例如母亲、学生或农民。但我们不能忽视社区结构和规范对促进个体健康行为的制约。该课程探讨了促进公共健康所需变革的社区背景。我们首先研究“社区”的不同定义以及我们如何“诊断”或理解不同类型社区的结构和特征。了解社区的相似性和差异性是必要的，以免在设计干预措施时陷入一刀切的误区。我们需要意识到，尽管外部人士可能将一个社区视为贫困或被忽视，但我们可以在每个社区中发现力量和改善的潜能。识别社区能力和资源是促进社区变革的第一步。本课程将考察不同的实践和哲学方法。对于变革过程而言，我们承认社区在设计、实施和评估任何干预措施中的参与需求。 我们探讨了参与的概念，以了解不同参与水平如何影响社区变革努力的可持续性。最后，课程展示了一个关于非洲河盲症控制的社区参与方法案例研究。随后，社区导向干预成功地应用于提供社区内部的其他基本初级卫生保健服务，例如灭蚊药涂层床蚊帐、 malaria 治疗、维生素A分发、驱虫药和肺炎及腹泻的病例管理。 课程大纲： - 模块1：课程介绍，学习生态模型，如何根据身份、联系、群体导向和整合分类社区。 - 模块2：关注社区有效性和社区变更模型，深入理解社区内的力量及其对积极变革的影响。 - 模块3：研究政治经济框架、社区参与和参与水平概念，完成首次同行评审任务，阅读案例研究并描述社区变更。 - 模块4：探讨社区联盟，对比基于社区和社区导向的项目，以及增强社区导向治疗的结果。 - 模块5：学习社区导向干预（CDI）过程，这是对应用于伊维菌素的社区导向治疗过程的扩展，完成第二次同行评审任务，描述一个社区案例并提出可持续的干预措施。 此课程将帮助学生全面了解如何通过社区的参与与力量推动公共卫生的改善。
Name:Module 1
Description:This week, we'll get oriented to the course, learn about the ecological model, and learn how to classify communities on the basis of identity, linkages, group orientation, and integration.
Name:Module 2
Description:Welcome to Week 2 of Community Change in Public Health. This week's lectures will focus on Community Efficacy and Community Change Models. Learning these concepts will help you gain a deeper understanding of the forces at work within communities and how they can be harnessed to affect positive change.
Name:Module 3
Description:Welcome to Module 3. This week, we'll take a look at the political economy framework as well as the concepts of community participation and involvement levels. You'll also complete your first peer review assignment this week by reading a case study and using what you've learned to describe community change.
Name:Module 4
Description:This week, we'll look at community coalitions, contrasting community-based and community-directed programs, and the results of enhancing community-directed treatment.
Name:Module 5
Description:In this final week, we'll learn about the Community-Directed Intervention (CDI) process, an expansion beyond the Community-Directed Treatment process used with Ivermectin. Finally, you will complete your second peer-review assignment in which you'll describe a community from a case study and also describe two possible interventions to sustain the change that is already underway.
In bringing about behavior change in public health, we often focus on the individual mother, student, or farmer. We should not forget the community structure and norms constrain for encouraging individual health behaviors. This course examines the community context of the changes needed to promote the public’s health. We begin by examining the various definitions of ‘community’ and the processes by which we ‘diagnose’ or seek to understand the structure and characteristics of different types of communities. An appreciation of community similarities and differences is necessary lest we fall into the trap of designing one-size-fits-all interventions. We need to recognize that no matter that outsiders may view a community as poor or neglected, we can find strengths and capacities for improvement in each community. Identifying community capacities and resources is the first step in facilitating community change. Different practical and philosophical approaches to change and therefore, examined. Specific to the change process is our recognition of the need for communities to participate in the design, implementation and evaluation of any intervention. We examine the concept of participation in an effort to see how different levels of involvement may affect sustainability of community change efforts. Finally a case study of a community participatory approach to onchocerciasis control in Africa is presented. Community Directed Intervention has subsequently been successfully applied to providing other essential primary health care services by and in the community, such as insecticide treated bednets, malaria treatment, vitamin A distribution, deworming medicines, and pneumonia and diarrhea case management.
