|
所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/bible-history
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：圣经的前史、目的与政治未来 概述：在巴比伦军队将耶路撒冷夷为平地后，这座城市成为许多古代被征服城市中的一员。从乌尔、尼尼微、波斯波利斯到巴比伦，虽然一些城市在毁灭后恢复了生机，另一些却没有。但在遭遇政治灾难的应对方式上，圣经展现出一种独特的反应。其他被征服的民族通常将屈辱视为耻辱，遗忘它们的失败，反而歌颂过去的辉煌。而圣经的作者则通过广泛的书写承认集体失败，深入反思其原因，从而为集体希望开辟出一条道路。 本课程通过生动的圣经及古代近东文本，并结合多样的比较实例，展示了圣经作者如何通过围绕共同体的民主议程来应对失败。他们的目标是建立一个国家，并通过包含故事、歌曲、智慧和法律的共享文本来实现这一目标。这些文学遗产无疑是人类的伟大成就之一。与古近东伟大文明将精力与资源投入到易被侵略者摧毁的石头纪念碑不同，圣经作者留下了一个至今仍在深入研究的文学遗产。这些作者对失败的前瞻性反应揭示了一种全新的智慧：一个民族的价值高于其治理的国家，而一个社区在崩溃时仍能生存，只要所有成员都能占有一部分利益，从而积极参与共同生活。 课程大纲： 1. **未解之谜**：探讨为何编写圣经，理解以色列与犹太王国崛起的历史背景和地理位置。 2. **兴衰**：分析以色列与犹太王国的兴起与衰落，及其在古埃及和美索不达米亚文化背景下的发展历程。 3. **作为对失败回应的圣经形成**：研究圣经作者在失去后如何通过创作建立共历史，以此应对征服后的挑战。 4. **重塑英雄**：探讨圣经中没有殉难和壮烈死亡的叙述，分析作者如何通过生育和传承重塑历史。 5. **明智而有洞察力的人民**：理解圣经作为一部教育课程的重要性，促进全民共享的原则和知识的开放访问。 6. **超越道德：圣经作为政治模型**：整合所学内容，探讨圣经在重新塑造以色列身份中的神学手段及其未来可能的作用。 本课程旨在深入理解圣经如何在历史与政治背景中形成，并激发对未来社会的思考。
Part: 1
Title:The Riddle That Has Yet to be Solved
Description:Our larger goal is to understand why the Bible was written. So first we need to take a step back and form a larger view of the world in which the kingdoms of Israel and Judah emerged. This module sets the stage for all that follows. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: 1) Describe how Israel's geographical location, situated between two great civilizational centers, had a decisive impact on history, 2) Identify why Egypt was interested in Canaan (the land of the Bible), 3) Describe the context in which the oldest references to Israel and places in the land of Israel appear, and 4) Analyze how the withdrawal of Egyptian influence from Canaan made it possible for territorial states (such as Israel and Judah) to emerge in the first millennium BCE.
Part: 2
Title:The Rise and Fall
Description:In the last module, we studied the activity of the great cultures of Egypt and Mesopotamia in the Levant. These major groups played a key role in forming the backdrop for the rise of Israel and Judah. After Egyptian and Mesopotamian rulers withdrew from the area, they left breathing room for smaller groups—such as Israel and Judah—to grow and extend their own power. In this module, we will explore the more modest cultures of Israel and Judah, from the rise and fall of their respective kingdoms. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: 1) Differentiate between the kingdoms of Israel and Judah, and describe the circumstances that led to the rise of both, 2) Identify key figures and causes in the downfall of Israel and Judah, respectively, and 3) Analyze how the biblical authors take creative liberties in their portrayal of historical events pertaining to Israel and Judah.
Part: 3
Title:The Making of the Bible as a Response to Defeat
Description:In this module, we dive into the question of why the biblical authors created the Bible. We begin by looking at various depictions of how Judahites were living after the fall of Judah. These depictions provide us with insight into what the biblical authors were facing after the Assyrian and Babylonian conquests. We then turn our attention to the biblical writings as we deconstruct and reconstruct the text in order to discover what drives the biblical project. By engaging the text critically, we begin to see how the biblical authors creatively combined sources to create a pan-Israelite history. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: 1) Differentiate between extrabiblical and biblical depictions of Judahite communities living in various locations after the fall of Judah, 2) Identify distinct traditions or sources within the biblical text and distinguish between core narratives and supplements or links, and 3) Compare and contrast the dominant theories concerned with the composition of the Bible.
Part: 4
Title:Reinventing the Hero
Description:In this module, we will begin by exploring a clue that adds further support to the general thesis of this course (i.e., that the Bible is a project of peoplehood in response to the defeat of the state). That clue is the absence of martyrdom and glorious death in the biblical narratives. We will see how the biblical authors reshape their history as they fashion narratives and law codes that promote “name-making” through procreation rather than heroic death. Through values that we take for granted today, the authors work to ensure the preservation of their people under conditions of foreign rule. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: 1) Identify narrative texts and law codes that relate to procreation, heroic death, and the expanded roles for both men and women, 2) Differentiate between the ideals of heroism found in the Bible and those found in non-biblical text, and 3) Understand that these values emerge out of pragmatic concerns related to corporate survival and the formation of a new kind of political community.
Part: 5
Title:A Wise and Discerning People
Description:As in most ancient societies, knowledge and education are reserved for elites. (The situation is not so different today.) This week we will see how the biblical authors depart radically from this principle. The Bible can be understood, Dr. Wright will suggest, as an educational curriculum for the nation. It fosters a broad national consciousness and mobilizes a people after the defeat of the state.Closely related to the Bible’s educational ideals, we will learn how the biblical authors promote a principle of “open access.” They make divine knowledge, rules, regulations publicly available so that the people as a whole can hold in check the power of their leaders. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: 1) Identify the distinctive qualities of biblical prophetic and priestly literature, 2) Explain how the Bible may be understood as an educational curriculum for the people as a whole, and 3) Compare the Bible to other pedagogical reforms.
Part: 6
Title:Beyond Morality: The Bible as Political Model
Description:This week, to wrap up our course, we turn back to the question of why with which we began. Why did the Bible originate in ancient Israel and Judah? We will begin by synthesizing what we’ve learned so far in order to bring it to bear on this fundamental question. Thereafter we will examine the most fascinating means by which the biblical authors reshape Israel’s identity. These means include matters that relate to theology, the covenant, and covenantal ethics. We will conclude the course by raising the question of what role the Bible may have to play in our futures. Upon completion of this module, learners will be able to: 1) Answer the question of why the Bible emerged in Israel and Judah rather than in other societies of the ancient Near East, 2) Identify the distinct theological means by which the biblical authors reshape the identity of Israel in their grand project of peoplehood, 3) Discuss the future possibilities of "biblical" projects and of the Bible itself.
With its walls razed to ground by Babylon’s armies, Jerusalem joined a long line of ancient vanquished cities—from Ur and Nineveh and Persepolis to Babylon itself. While some recovered from the destruction, others did not. But none responded to political catastrophe by fashioning the kind of elaborate and enduring monument to their own downfall that we find in the Bible. Most conquered populations viewed their subjugation as a source of shame. They consigned it to oblivion, opting instead to extol the golden ages of the past. The biblical authors in contrast reacted to loss by composing extensive writings that acknowledge collective failure, reflect deeply upon its causes, and discover thereby a ground for collective hope. Working through colorful biblical and ancient Near Eastern texts, and drawing on an array of comparative examples, the course illustrates the thoroughgoing manner with which biblical authors responded to defeat by advancing a demotic agenda that places the community at the center. The aim of the biblical authors was to create a nation, and they sought to realize this goal via a shared text, which includes stories and songs, wisdom and laws. This corpus of writings belongs, without a doubt, to humanity’s greatest achievements. Whereas the great civilizations of the Near East invested their energies and resources into monuments of stone that could be destroyed by invading armies, the biblical authors left a literary legacy that has been intensively studied until the present day. More important, these authors’ visionary response to defeat brought to light a radical new wisdom: the notion that a people is greater than the state which governs it, and that a community can survive collapse when all of its members can claim a piece of the pie and therefore have a reason to take an active part in its collective life.
