Introduction to the Arctic: Climate

所在平台: Coursera

课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/arctic-introduction-climate

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课程简介

课程名称：北极入门：气候 概述：阿尔伯塔大学、特罗姆瑟大学和北极大学联合开设的这门为期四周的课程，探讨了北极地区的环境和气候。该课程是国际合作的结果，让您深入了解我们星球的北方。在对区域地理的概述之后，课程将着重于北极的冰冻圈（冰）、大气和海洋。我们将学习北极为何寒冷且被冰覆盖，以及这对其气候和生态系统的影响。我们还将探讨北极与世界其他地区的联系。最后，我们将研究当前的气候变化，推动这些变化的过程，以及在北极的证据，考察这一快速变化的北方所带来的影响。 课程大纲： 第1部分：北极环境 本课程介绍了地球北部的非凡地区，北极！尽管有时被认为是偏远和危险的地方，北极是许多民族和与之共生的生态系统的家园。许多领域的研究人员，无论是科学家还是非科学家，研究这个广阔的环极地区，以了解环境、人民、动物、经济和资源。您将逐渐了解到世界北部的自然环境特征和气候条件。 第2部分：气候系统 在本课中，我们将学习北极的气候及其与地球其他系统的相互作用。我们将讨论太阳能如何被地球接收，以及自然温室效应如何使热量被困在我们的星球上。将介绍能量如何在全球范围内分配，并通过大规模的气候系统如何从热带输送到极地。此外，我们将讨论自然温室效应与人类引发的温室效应之间的区别，包括因燃烧化石燃料而产生的温室气体（如二氧化碳和甲烷）的作用，并探讨未来北极气候的前景。 第3部分：冰冻圈 在本课上，我们将学习北极冰冻圈，即地球表面水以固态形式存在的部分（如雪和冰）。我们将探讨冰是何时及如何在地球表面形成，包括海冰、河冰、冰川和永久冻土等内容。我们将研究这些冰是如何在海洋和陆地上形成的，以及它们与大气和海洋的关系。 第4部分：气候变化的影响 在本课中，我们将学习气候变化的影响。通过前3节课程，我们对北极环境有了深刻的了解。这个环境正在迅速变化，这主要是由于世界各地工业人类活动的影响。我们将探讨海冰和冰川是如何对我们的气氛和海洋变化做出反应的，并讨论变化的环境对生态系统、野生动物和人类的影响。

课程大纲

Part: 1

Title:Arctic Environments

Description:This course is about the remarkable northern regions of the earth, the Arctic! Although sometimes considered remote and dangerous, the Arctic is home to many peoples, along with the ecosystems that they coexist with. Researchers from many fields, both scientists and non-scientists, study this vast circumpolar region to understand the environment, peoples, animals, economies, and resources. You’ll soon learn about the environments (the characteristics of the natural world) and climate (the prevailing atmospheric, oceanic and ice conditions) of the world’s North.

Part: 2

Title:Climate Systems

Description:In this lesson we’ll learn about the climate of the Arctic, and the way the climate interacts with the rest of the Earth system. In Lesson 1, we saw how the Earth receives energy from the sun and how heat is trapped on our planet through the natural greenhouse effect. We will now discuss how this energy is distributed throughout the globe and how it is transferred from the tropics to the poles via the large-scale circulation systems of the atmosphere and the ocean. We’ll learn the difference between the natural and the human-induced greenhouse effect - driven by the input of greenhouse gases created by burning fossil fuels, such as carbon dioxide and methane - and discuss what the future holds for the Arctic’s climate. As you will see, the global climate system is tightly linked and climate change in the Arctic also strongly affects temperate latitudes.

Part: 3

Title:The Cryosphere

Description:In this lesson, we’ll be learning about the Arctic cryosphere, which is the portion of the Earth’s surface where water occurs in solid forms. Such as snow and ice! In Lesson 2, we talked about atmospheric and oceanic circulation. Now we will learn about when and how ice forms on the surface of the Earth, including such topics as: sea ice, river ice, glaciers , and permafrost. How all this ice formed on the ocean and on (and in) the land? How it relates to the atmosphere and ocean?

Part: 4

Title:Implications of Climate Change

Description:In this lesson, we’ll be learning about the implications of climate change. Through the first 3 lessons, we’ve learned a great deal about the Arctic environment. This environment is rapidly changing, largely due to industrial human activity throughout the world. You’ll remember the natural greenhouse effect that we discussed in Lesson 1. Carbon dioxide and water vapour are among the naturally occurring greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. They trap outgoing longwave radiation, raising the average temperature of the Earth. We will learn and discuss how sea ice and glaciers react to changes in our atmosphere and oceans. We will then discuss the implications of the changing environment on ecosystems, wildlife and humans.

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