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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/archaeoastronomy
课程评论：没有评论
课程名称：古代天文学 课程概述：古代天文学被称为“星与石的科学”。这是一个跨学科的领域，融合了建筑、考古和天文学。它研究古代遗迹与天空之间的关系，以期更好地理解过去建筑师的思想及其宗教和象征世界。本课程是对这一迷人学科的全面易懂的介绍。 在课程中，我们将探访许多壮观的考古遗址，如英格兰的巨石阵、埃及的吉萨和卡纳克、尤卡坦的奇琴伊察、秘鲁的马丘比丘以及罗马的万神殿，并展示和解释这些地方在特定节气（如至日、分日或罗马建城日）发生的奇妙事件。课程还提供了裸眼天文学的必要背景知识，以及天文学在宗教和古代文化权力管理中的一般作用。 课程大纲： 第一周：学习进行古代天文学研究所需的基本工具，掌握裸眼天文学和简单工具—磁性指南针，了解虚拟地球仪和数字天文馆软件。 第二周：课程的核心部分：理解古代文化中天文学、宗教和权力管理之间的联系，以及这些联系如何反映在新石器时代以来的建筑和景观中，考察古代天文学的发源地——巨石阵和纽格雷奇。 第三周：在法老的埃及进行古代天文学之旅，参观吉萨的胡夫金字塔，并观察每年夏至时在吉萨上演的壮观现象，接着前往冬至时的卡纳克神庙，最后了解“异教”国王阿肯那顿及其新都城的天文学项目。 第四周：介绍前哥伦布时期的古代天文学，重点讨论玛雅历法、天文学在玛雅建筑中的作用以及印加人在库斯科和马丘比丘的神圣空间。 第五周：探访古代亚洲的迷人之地：西安地区的兵马俑和汉代皇帝的金字塔，以及柬埔寨的吴哥窟和高棉国王的其他国立神庙。 第六周：在寻找希腊和罗马意大利古典时代杰作中的天文学，包括西西里岛的希腊神庙和罗马的万神殿。 天文学见解：古代天文学不仅仅是讨论太阳和其他星星。古代建筑中还涉及到月亮的复杂运动及金星作为晨星和晚星的交替行为。本节提供了研究这些案例所需的工具，以及影响古代天文学测量的物理效果的见解。
Name:Week 1
Description:In this week we shall learn the basic tools which are needed for studying Archaeoastronomy. Essentially, this means learning Astronomy with the naked eye, since the ancients did not have telescopes, and becoming acquainted with a simple instrument - the magnetic compass - and amazing softwares: virtual globes and digital planetariums.
Name:Week 2
Description:The core of the course: understanding how astronomy, religion, and the management of power were connected in ancient cultures, and the way in which these connections are reflected in architecture and landscape since the Neolithic. At the end of the week we shall thus visit the places where Archaeoastronomy was born: Stonehenge and Newgrange.
Name:Week 3
Description:An archaeoastronomical tour in a wonderful land: Egypt of the Pharaohs. We shall visit Khufu's (Cheops) Great Pyramid and assist to the spectacular hierophany which occurs every year at Giza at the summer solstice. Then, we shall move to the huge temple of Karnak at the winter solstice, to finally encounter the "heretic" king Akhenaten and the astronomy-related project of his new capital.
Name:Week 4
Description:An introduction to pre-Columbian Archaeoastronomy, with key topics such as the Maya Calendar, the role of astronomy in Maya architecture, and the sacred space of the Incas at Cusco and Macchu Picchu.
Name:Week 5
Description:An archaeo-astronomical visit to fascinating places of ancient Asia: the Xian area, with the Terracotta Warriors and the pyramids of the Chinese Emperors of the Han Dynasty, and Angkor (Cambodia) with Angkor Wat and the other state-temples of the Khmer Kings.
Name:Week 6
Description:A fascinating travel in Greek and Roman Italy, in search of astronomy in the project of some of the masterpieces of the classical age, from the Greek temples of Sicily to the Pantheon in Rome.
Name:Astronomy insights
Description:Archaeoastronomy is not only "speaking about the Sun and the other stars". Interest in the cumbersome, apparent motion of the Moon and in the alternating behaviour of Venus as morning star/evening star is also present in ancient architecture, for instance in the Americas. This section provides the tools needed to investigate in such cases, as well as insights on the physical effects affecting measures in Archaeoastronomy.
Archaeoastronomy is the “science of stars and stones”. It is an interdisciplinary science in between architecture, archaeology, and astronomy. It studies the relationships between the ancient monuments and the sky, in order to gain a better understanding of the ideas of the architects of the past and of their religious and symbolic world. The course provides the first complete, easy introduction to this fascinating discipline. During the course, many spectacular ancient sites of archaeology – such as Stonehenge in England, Giza and Karnak in Egypt, Chichen Itzá in the Yucatan, Macchu Picchu in Peru and the Pantheon in Rome – will be visited and the fascinating events occurring there in special days of the year (such as solstices, equinoxes, or the day of the foundation of Rome) will be shown and explained. The course also provides the necessary background on Astronomy with the naked eye and a general introduction to the role of Astronomy in religion and in the management of power among ancient cultures.
