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所在平台: Coursera |
课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/learn/antimicrobial-resistance
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课程名称：抗微生物耐药性 - 理论与方法 课程概述：该课程将涵盖与抗微生物耐药性相关的主题，包括抗微生物药物的基本定义、用途以及耐药性的出现和传播。课程将引导您理解耐药性传播和扩散的概念及其发生机制。您将学习细菌如何变得耐药及其可能使用的机制。此外，课程中还将为您提供一些抗微生物敏感性测试（AST）和微生物实验室中特定耐药性检测方法的培训，重点关注获得良好质量结果的方法，这些结果可以用于不同的目的。您还将学习如何使用基因组分析工具分析全基因组测序数据，以简单易懂的方式检测耐药基因（或其他感兴趣的基因），使用在线免费工具。 在新版本中，增加了一个模块，专门介绍特定耐药机制的检测。 学习成果： 1. 描述最重要的抗微生物药物种类及其作用机制。 2. 从临床、研究和微生物学多个角度理解抗微生物耐药性的基本概念。 3. 列举并描述细菌如何变得耐药及可能涉及的机制。 4. 描述抗微生物耐药性如何在全球范围内产生和传播，包括耐药性转移、选择和传播的概念。 5. 列举用于抗微生物敏感性测试（AST）的方法。 6. 比较稀释法和扩散法，了解琼脂碟扩散法、培养基稀释法和琼脂稀释法的基本技术。 7. 在实验室中掌握主要方法的理论知识。 8. 理解AST结果分析和解读的基本概念，包括不同的临界值和切断设定及其应用。 9. 理解质量管理和质量保证标准化方法在AST中的重要性及相关概念。 10. 将本课程获得的信息与患者、社区、动物或环境中耐药细菌传播的实际案例相关联。 11. 将表型结果与利用分子技术检测耐药机制的基因分型结果关联起来。 12. 理解并能够应用用于检测全基因组测序（WGS）数据中耐药基因和其他相关基因的基因组分析工具，并演示选定的在线工具。 免责声明：请注意，材料中提及的指南和方法及链接在视频讲座制作时和课程发布前已更新，然而随着时间的推移，可能会变得过时。 课程大纲： - 欢迎模块：介绍课程结构、内容、评分以及讲师和教材简介。 - 模块A - 抗微生物及其作用：介绍抗生素/抗微生物药物的来源、分类及对细菌细胞的作用。 - 模块B - 抗微生物与耐药性：讲解抗微生物药物及细菌耐药性的发展、原因及机制。 - 模块C - 抗微生物敏感性测试：阐述实验室中抗微生物敏感性测试的重要性和方法，并详细描述程序。 - 模块D - 表型测试的替代方法（全基因组分析工具）：介绍用于识别基因的基因组学方法，展示ResFinder和MyDBFinder工具。 - 模块E - 质量管理与质量控制：关注质量管理和保证程序及QC菌株的应用。 - 模块F - 重要的抗微生物药物介绍：深入探索关键重要抗微生物药物及其作用机制和面临的挑战。 - 模块G - 抗微生物耐药性监测系统示例：强调“一体化健康”方法，探讨地方、区域和全球的监测系统。
Name:Welcome to the course
Description:This module is a welcome to the course where you can find information on the course structure, the content that you will be introduced to in the next modules, the grading, as well as an introduction to the instructors and the teaching material.
Name:Module A- Antimicrobial and Antimicrobial Action
Description:In this module you will learn about antibiotics/ antimicrobials and you will get to know more about what they are, where they come from, what are the major groups and how can we classify them, as well as how do they have an effect and how do they act on the bacterial cells.
Name:Module B - Antimicrobials and Resistance
Description:This module contains information about antimicrobials and the development of resistance in bacteria including causes for resistance and their mechanisms, as well as an insight in how resistance disseminates and how it can be selected.
Name:Module C- Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing
Description:This module deals with antimicrobial susceptibility testing in the laboratory: its importance and use, descriptions of the methods and their applications and detailed descriptions of the procedures applied for the main methods. Additionally, this module gives practical insight on how to interpret antimicrobial susceptibility results.
Name:Module D- Alternatives to Phenotypic Testing (Whole Genome Analysis Tools)
Description:As alternative to the phenotypical methods, the researcher might decide to use genotypically based methods to identify genes of interest. In the lectures of this module we present the ResFinder tool which may be used to find resistance mechanisms ( genes and in the future versions also specific point mutations) from Whole genome sequences of bacteria of interest. The second lecture is a demonstration of the MyDBFinder which can be used to identify genes of interest defined by the user from Whole genome sequence data. DISCLAIMER: There has been a change since the ResFinder video lecture was prepared – and there is now only one ResFinder web-tool available: http://genepi.food.dtu.dk/resfinder . This version of the ResFinder automatically includes both the ResFinder and PointFinder databases .
Name:Module E- Quality Management and Quality Control
Description:This module is dedicated to Quality management and Quality assurance (QA)/ Quality control (QC) procedures and use of QC strains to assure the quality of results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing: importance, elements and principles.
Name:Module F- Presentation of Critically Important Antimicrobials
Description:The module provides an in-depth understanding of critical important antimicrobials (CIA). You will explore the importance of CIAs, the mechanism of action and the challenges associated.
Name:Module G- Examples of antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems
Description:In this module, you will explore AMR integrated surveillance systems at local, regional, and global levels, emphasizing the One Health approach. Specific discussions will include national and regional surveillance initiatives like DANMAP, as well as presentations on FAO InFARM, WHO GLASS, and WHO MIA (CIA).
The course will cover the topics related to antimicrobial resistance with basic definitions and overview on antimicrobials their use and the emergence and spread of resistance. The course will guide you through the concepts and the importance of resistance spread and dissemination and how that happens. It will show you how bacteria become resistant and which mechanisms they might use for this. And as part of the course you will also receive some training in methods for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and detection of specific resistance in the microbiological laboratories with the basic methods available and with focus on the obtention of good quality results which can be interpreted and used for different purposes. Additionally, it will show you how to use genomic analysis tools to analyze whole genome sequencing data to detect resistance genes (and or other genes of interest) in a simple and easy way using online tools freely available. In the new new version an additional module including detection of specific resistance mechanisms was added. After this course you should be able to: 1. Describe the most important families of antimicrobials and mode of action 2. Understand the basic concepts of antimicrobial resistance from several perspectives (clinical, research and microbiological) 3. Enumerate and describe how bacteria can become resistant and the mechanisms that may be involved in that process 4. Describe how antimicrobial resistance emerges and spreads around the world including concepts of antimicrobial resistance transfer, selection and dissemination 5. Enumerate the methods used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) 6. Compare dilution and diffusion methods and know the basic techniques of agar disk diffusion, broth dilution and agar dilution methods 7. Have detailed theoretical knowledge on how to perform the main methods in a laboratory 8. Know the basic concepts about analysis and interpretation of results of AST, including different breakpoints, cut-off setting and their applications. 9. Understand the importance and related concepts related to quality management and quality assurance method standardization, applied to AST 10. Relate the information obtained in this course with real cases of resistant bacteria spreading in patients, the community, animals or the environment 11. Relate the phenotypical results with results from genotyping using molecular techniques for detection of resistance mechanisms 12. Understand the concept and be able to apply genomic analysis tools used to detect resistance genes and other relevant genes from Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data (with demonstration of selected online tools) Disclaimer: Please note that the guidelines and methods referred or links included in these materials are updated when the videos lectures are produced and before the course is released, however these might become outdated with time.
