Spacecraft Dynamics Capstone: Mars Mission

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课程主页: https://www.coursera.org/archive/capstone-mars-mission

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课程大纲

Introduction to the Mission
Orbits
Reference Frame Orientation
Attitude Evaluation and Simulator

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The goal of this capstone spacecraft dynamics project is to employ the skills developed in the rigid body Kinematics, Kinetics and Control courses. An exciting two-spacecraft mission to Mars is considered where a primary mother craft is in communication with a daughter vehicle in another orbit. The challenges include determining the kinematics of the orbit frame and several desired reference frames, numerically simulating the attitude dynamics of the spacecraft in orbit, and implementing a feedback control that then drives different spacecraft body frames to a range of mission modes including sun pointing for power generation, nadir pointing for science gathering, mother spacecraft pointing for communication and data transfer. Finally, an integrated mission simulation is developed that implements these attitude modes and explores the resulting autonomous closed-loop performance. Tasks 1 and 2 use three-dimensional kinematics to create the mission related orbit simulation and the associated orbit frames. The introductory step ensures the satellite is undergoing the correct motion, and that the orbit frame orientation relative to the planet is being properly evaluated. Tasks 3 through 5 create the required attitude reference frame for the three attitude pointing modes called sun-pointing, nadir-pointing and GMO-pointing. The reference attitude frame is a critical component to ensure the feedback control drives the satellite to the desired orientation. The control employed remains the same for all three pointing modes, but the performance is different because different attitude reference frames are employed. Tasks 6 through 7 create simulation routines to first evaluate the attitude tracking error between a body-fixed frame and a particular reference frame of the current attitude mode. Next the inertial attitude dynamics is evaluated through a numerical simulation to be able to numerically analyze the control performance. Tasks 8-11 simulate the closed-loop attitude performance for the three attitude modes. Tasks 8 through 10 first simulate a single attitude at a time, while tasks 11 develops a comprehensive attitude mission simulation which considers the attitude modes switching autonomously as a function of the spacecraft location relative to the planet.

航天器动力学的顶峰:火星飞行任务:这个顶峰航天器动力学项目的目标是利用刚体运动学,动力学和控制课程中开发的技能。在一次母飞行器与另一个轨道上的子母飞行器进行通信的情况下,可以考虑执行一次激动人心的两船火星飞行任务。挑战包括确定轨道框架和几个所需参考框架的运动学,对航天器在轨道上的姿态动力学进行数值模拟,以及实施反馈控制,然后将不同的航天器机身框架驱动到多种任务模式,包括指向太阳的动力代,天底指向科学采集,母飞船指向通讯和数据传输。最后,开发了一种集成的任务仿真,该仿真可实现这些姿态模式并探索由此产生的自主闭环性能。 任务1和2使用三维运动学来创建与任务相关的轨道模拟和相关的轨道框架。引入步骤确保卫星正在正确运动,并且正确评估了相对于行星的轨道框架方向。 任务3至5为三种姿态指向模式(称为太阳指向,天底指向和GMO指向)创建了所需的姿势参考系。参考姿态框架是确保反馈控制将卫星驱动到所需方向的关键组件。对于所有三种指向模式,所采用的控制均相同,但是由于采用了不同的姿态参考系,因此性能有所不同。 任务6至7创建了模拟例程,以首先评估当前姿态模式的人体固定框架与特定参考框架之间的姿态跟踪误差。接下来,通过数值模拟对惯性姿态动力学进行评估,以便能够对控制性能进行数值分析。 任务8-11模拟了三种姿态模式的闭环姿态性能。任务8到10首先一次模拟一个单一的姿态,而任务11开发一个综合的姿态任务模拟,该模拟考虑姿态模式根据航天器相对于行星的位置自动切换。

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